Tolire Jaha maar on the lower NW flank formed during a violent eruption in 1775. The eruption began with explosive activity at the summit on August 20. On the night of September 5-6, a devastating base surge accompanying formation of the maar was responsible for most of the 141 people that were killed during the eruption. The steep-walled maar is 700 m wide. A smaller maar, Tolire Kecil, formed to the NW along the coast during the same eruption.

Photo by Ruska Hadian, 1994 (Volcanological Survey of Indonesia).

This image is made available under the Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 license terms.

Gamalama