These lava stalactites formed in a lava tube within the 2012-2013 Tolbachik lava flow field, seen here in 2015. When the lava drains through the tubes remnants drip from the ceiling. Yellow and white minerals have crystalized across the surfaces.

Photo by Janine Krippner, 2015.

This image is made available under the Creative Commons BY-ND 4.0 license terms.

Keywords: lava | lava tube | mineral deposit

Tolbachik