Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 30 June-6 July 2021
Name	Country	Volcanic Province	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Copahue	Chile-Argentina	Southern Andean Volcanic Arc	—	New
Krakatau	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	New
Rincon de la Vieja	Costa Rica	Central America Volcanic Arc	2021 Jun 28	New
Sarychev Peak	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	—	New
Suwanosejima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2004 Oct 23	New
Taal	Philippines	Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc	2024 Apr 12	New
Aira	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Dukono	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	1933 Aug 13	Continuing
Ebeko	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Etna	Italy	Sicily Volcanic Province	2022 Nov 27	Continuing
Fagradalsfjall	Iceland	Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province	—	Continuing
Kadovar	Papua New Guinea	Bismarck Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Karymsky	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	2024 Jun 20	Continuing
Kuchinoerabujima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Lewotolok	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Merapi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Reventador	Ecuador	Northern Andean Volcanic Arc	2008 Jul 27	Continuing
Semeru	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Stromboli	Italy	Aeolian Volcanic Arc	1934 Feb 2	Continuing
Telica	Nicaragua	Central America Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Copahue (Chile-Argentina) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Copahue
Southern Andean Volcanic Arc

SERNAGEOMIN and SEGEMAR reported increased activity at Copahue, beginning with minor, sporadic increases in tremor first detected at the end of May. During 30 June-2 July tremor was elevated and volume of water in the crater lake decreased significantly. Coincidently crater incandescence was visible in nighttime webcam views and gas emissions increased. Residents reported volcanic gas odors. Increased gas-and-steam emissions during 1100-1400 on 2 July contained minor amounts of ash that left visible deposits on the SE and ENE flanks. The Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR)

Krakatau (Indonesia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Krakatau
Sunda Volcanic Arc

The Darwin VAAC reported that on 2 July ash plumes from Anak Krakatau rose to 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Rincon de la Vieja (Costa Rica) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Rincon de la Vieja
Central America Volcanic Arc

OVSICORI-UNA reported that an eruption at Rincón de la Vieja was recorded at 0838 on 1 July, though weather conditions prevented visual confirmation of emissions. Small emissions were visible at 0937, 0940, and 1006 on 3 July. Small steam plumes were seen on 4 July, but too small to be recorded by the seismic network.

Source: Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica-Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA)

Sarychev Peak (Russia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Sarychev Peak
Kuril Volcanic Arc

The Tokyo VAAC and SVERT reported that during 30 June-1 July ash plumes from Sarychev Peak rose to 3-5.5 km (10,000-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W, SE, and E based on satellite images. Plumes drifted as far as 25 km E on 1 July. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT), Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported that 35 explosions at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater produced eruption plumes that rose as high as 2 km above the crater rim during 28 June-5 July. Large volcanic bombs were ejected 400 m from the crater and crater incandescence was visible nightly. Eruption sounds were heard in Toshima village (4 km SSW). The Alert Level remained at 3 and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Taal (Philippines) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Taal
Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc

PHIVOLCS reported that anomalously high sulfur dioxide emissions were recorded at Taal, averaging 14,241 and 13,287 tonnes/day on 28 June and 1 July, respectively. Upwelling of hot volcanic fluids in the crater lake produced steam-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 3 km. Vog in the vicinity of the volcano persisted.

At 1516 on 1 July a phreatomagmatic eruption generated a dark, 5-minute-long, Surtseyan plume that rose 1 km above the lake. The Alert Level was raised to 3 (on a scale of 0-5) at 1537. According to news articles and the Philippine Coast Guard, authorities began evacuating residents in Banyaga, Bilibinwang, Gulod, Boso-boso, and Lakeshore Bugaan East around 1700. Four additional short eruptions (less than two minutes) were recorded at 1826, 1921, 1941, and 2020, each ejecting material as high as 200 m. PHIVOLCS noted that TVI is a Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ), and entry into the island as well as high-risk barangays of Agoncillo and Laurel is prohibited.

More phreatomagmatic eruptions on 2 July, at 1025, 1047, and 1101, jetted material 100 m above the lake. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 10,254 tonnes/day. Vigorous upwelling in the lake was visible in the afternoon, and steam-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 3 km drifted SW and NW. On 3 July steam-and-gas plumes rose 2.5-3 km and drifted SW and NW. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 14,699 tonnes/day, the highest ever measured from Taal. The high emissions and weather conditions again created vog in the area. A news article noted that about 10 children showed signs of illness from the vog.

On 4 July PHIVOLCS issued a special advisory noting, again, a new record-breaking high of sulfur dioxide emissions at 22,628 tonnes/day. A total of 26 strong and very shallow low-frequency volcanic earthquakes below the E part of TVI had been recorded since the beginning of the day. Some of the earthquakes were accompanied by rumbling and weakly felt by fish cage caretakers off the NE shore. Lake upwelling persisted during 5-6 July with steam-and-gas plumes rising 2.5-3 km. Sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 5,299 tonnes/day on 5 July. The DROMIC report stated that 3,027 people were in 20 evacuation centers, and 2,759 people were in private residences by 6 July.

Sources: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), Disaster Response Operations Monitoring and Information Center (DROMIC), ABS-CBN News, Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)

Aira (Japan) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported nightly incandescence during 28 June-5 July from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano). An eruptive event on 29 June produced an ash plume that rose 1 km before entering weather clouds. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was low at 600 tons per day on 30 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Dukono (Indonesia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Dukono
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that during 29 June-3 July ash plumes from Dukono rose to 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Sources: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Ebeko (Russia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Kuril Volcanic Arc

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 27-28 June and 1 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Etna (Italy) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Etna
Sicily Volcanic Province

INGV reported three episodes of lava fountaining at Etna’s Southeast Crater (SEC) during 28 June-4 July, producing ash plumes that rose 5-10 km (16,400-32,800 ft) a.s.l. Occasional ash-and-gas emissions rose from Bocca Nuova Crater and Northeast Crater. The first episode at SEC began with Strombolian activity at 0040 on 2 July. Ash plumes drifted ESE and within an hour lava fountains were visible that sent flows SW; fountaining ceased at 0250. The second episode began at 1656 on 4 July, produced fountains at 1725, and ended at 1900. Lava flows traveled SW and ENE, and ash plumes drifted ESE. The last episode began at 2330 on 6 July and produced ash plumes that drifted SE. Explosive activity intensified at 0000 on 7 July; lava fountaining began 30 minutes later, rose as high as 1 km, and ended within two hours. Lapilli was reported in the S part of Tremestieri and ash fell in Nicolosi, as well as in many other areas downwind. According to news articles the Catania airport was closed during the night due to ashfall.

Sources: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV), La Stampa, Il Mondo dei Terremoti

Fagradalsfjall (Iceland) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Fagradalsfjall
Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province

The fissure eruption in the W part of the Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcanic system, close to Fagradalsfjall on the Reykjanes Peninsula, periodically continued during 30 June-6 July. Lava fountaining and overflows from the fifth vent were occasionally visible, and lava from the crater flowed in tubes as well as on the surface. Occasional rim collapses generated minor ash plumes on 2 July based on footage captured by a visitor. A longest pause in the eruption so far, also reflected in seismic data, began near midnight on 5 July and ended early on 7 July according to a news source. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange due to the lack of ash and tephra emissions, though IMO warned of the potential for lapilli and scoria fallout within a 650 m radius of the active vent. Authorities warned of increased gas emissions hazards.

Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), The Environment Agency of Iceland, mbl.is, GutnTog

Kadovar (Papua New Guinea) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kadovar
Bismarck Volcanic Arc

Based on satellite and wind model data, the Darwin VAAC reported that on 4 July an ash plume from Kadovar rose to an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.

Source: Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Karymsky (Russia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was visible in satellite images on 25 and 30 June and 1 July; the volcano was quiet or obscured by weather clouds on the other days during 26 June-2 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Kuchinoerabujima (Japan) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Kuchinoerabujima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported that deformation data at Kuchinoerabujima had shown a deflationary trend since February and the number of volcanic earthquakes had been decreasing since May. The Alert Level was lowered to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) on 5 July, and JMA reminded the public to stay 1 km away from Shindake Crater in general and 2 km away from the W flank.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Lewotolok (Indonesia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that daily white-and-gray plumes from Lewotolok rose as high as 1 km and drifted in multiple directions during 29 June-6 July. Incandescent material was ejected from the summit vent in various directions during 2-5 July; on 3 July material landed as far as 1 km SW and started vegetation fires. On 5 July an ash plume rose 1 km and drifted SE. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi (Indonesia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

BPPTKG reported that the lava dome just below Merapi’s SW rim and the lava dome in the summit crater both remained active during 25 June-1 July. The SW rim lava-dome volume was an estimated 1.68 million cubic meters by 1 July, with a growth rate of 11,800 cubic meters per day, and continued to shed material down the flank. The summit lava dome was 0.5 m shorter than the previous week, corresponding to the increasing numbers of incandescent avalanches and pyroclastic flows as more material was shed to the SE. A total of 10 pyroclastic flows traveled a maximum of 2 km down the SW flank and 29 traveled as far as 3 km SE. As many as 100 incandescent avalanches traveled a maximum of 2 km down the SW flank and 26 traveled as far as 1.2 km down the SE flank. Ashfall was reported in several areas to the SE on 25 June. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 5 km away from the summit.

Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)

Reventador (Ecuador) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Reventador
Northern Andean Volcanic Arc

IG reported that a high level of activity continued to be recorded at Reventador during 29 June-6 July; adverse weather conditions sometimes prevented visual confirmation. Seismicity was characterized by daily explosions, harmonic tremor events, long-period earthquakes, and signals indicating emissions. Gas, steam, and ash plumes, often observed multiple times a day with the webcam or reported by the Washington VAAC, rose as high as 1.6 km above the summit crater and drifted mainly W, NW, and NE. Crater incandescence and incandescent blocks rolling down the S flank were often observed at night.

Source: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN)

Semeru (Indonesia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Sunda Volcanic Arc

Semeru continued to erupt during 29 June-6 July. Inclement weather often prevented visual observations, though PVMBG and the Darwin VAAC reported that gray-and-white plumes rose 500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions on 30 June and 1 and 3 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), with a general exclusion zone of 1 km and extensions to 5 km in the SSE sector.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 25 June-2 July. An ash plume drifted 18 km SW on 30 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Stromboli (Italy) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Stromboli
Aeolian Volcanic Arc

INGV reported that during 28 June-4 July activity at Stromboli was characterized by ongoing explosive activity from three vents in Area N (North Crater area) and four vents in Area C-S (South-Central Crater area). Explosions from the N1 vent (Area N) ejected lapilli and bombs 150 m high, and produced minor ash emissions. Explosions at N2 vents (Area N) averaged 4-10 events per hour and ejected material 80 m high; spattering was intense on 28 June. Explosions from the S2 vents in Area C-S occurred at a rate of 5-8 events per hour and ejected coarse material more than 150 m high.

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Telica (Nicaragua) | 30 June-6 July 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Telica
Central America Volcanic Arc

INETER reported that at 0500 on 29 June ash-and-gas emissions from Telica rose 200 m above the crater rim and drifted SW. The Washington VAAC noted that ash was emitted during 2-3 July. A few discrete emissions and ash near the crater were visible in webcam images on 2 July, and possible diffuse ash just W of the crater was seen in satellite images. Plumes likely rose to 1.2-1.5 km (4,000-5,000 ft) a.s.l. Another steam-and-ash plume drifted SW and then turned N. On 3 July possible ash plumes rose to 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted WSW.

Source: Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER)

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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