Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 4 August-10 August 2021
Name	Country	Volcanic Province	Eruption Start Date	Report Status
Chirinkotan	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	—	New
Great Sitkin	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	2021 May 25	New
Nyiragongo	DR Congo	Albertine Rift Volcanic Province	2002 May 17 (?)	New
Pacaya	Guatemala	Central America Volcanic Arc	—	New
Pagan	United States	Mariana Volcanic Arc	—	New
Pavlof	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	—	New
Semisopochnoi	United States	Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc	—	New
Suwanosejima	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2004 Oct 23	New
Tengger Caldera	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	New
Whakaari/White Island	New Zealand	Taupo Volcanic Zone	2024 May 24	New
Aira	Japan	Ryukyu Volcanic Arc	2017 Mar 25	Continuing
Asamayama	Japan	Northeast Japan Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Copahue	Chile-Argentina	Southern Andean Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Dukono	Indonesia	Halmahera Volcanic Arc	1933 Aug 13	Continuing
Ebeko	Russia	Kuril Volcanic Arc	2022 Jun 11	Continuing
Etna	Italy	Sicily Volcanic Province	2022 Nov 27	Continuing
Fuego	Guatemala	Central America Volcanic Arc	2002 Jan 4	Continuing
Karymsky	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	2024 Jun 20	Continuing
Lewotolok	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Merapi	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2020 Dec 31	Continuing
Popocatepetl	Mexico	Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt	2005 Jan 9	Continuing
Raung	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing
Santa Maria	Guatemala	Central America Volcanic Arc	1922 Jun 22	Continuing
Semeru	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	2017 Jun 6	Continuing
Sheveluch	Russia	Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc	1999 Aug 15	Continuing
Sinabung	Indonesia	Sunda Volcanic Arc	—	Continuing

All times are local unless otherwise stated.

Chirinkotan (Russia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Chirinkotan
Kuril Volcanic Arc

According to KVERT an explosion at Chirinkotan at 1745 on 8 August produced an ash plume that rose 2-2.7 km (6,600-9,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 86 km WSW and SW. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). KVERT, SVERT, and the VAAC reported continuing ash-producing events through 10 August. Notably at 1915 on 9 August an ash cloud, 10 x 13 km in size, possibly rose as high as 3.7 km (12,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 26-30 km SSE and S. An explosive event at 0855 on 10 August produced an ash plume 11 x 14 km in size that rose 2-2.5 km (6,600-8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 70 km W.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT), Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT), Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

Great Sitkin (United States) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Great Sitkin
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

AVO reported that unrest continued at Great Sitkin during 4-10 August with elevated seismicity, elevated surface temperatures, and explosions associated with a growing lava dome. Numerous earthquakes and small explosions were recorded on local infrasound and seismic stations during 4-5 August. During the morning of 5 August observers reported possible low-level lava fountaining from the active vent; the activity was also visible from Adak Island. Throughout the same day a volcanic plume comprised mostly of gas and steam (and possibly ash) was visible in webcam images rising to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. By 6 August the lava dome had grown to 250 m in diameter and had an approximate volume of about 1 million cubic meters. AVO noted that most of the crater was full of lava erupted in 1974 and that the current lava covered only 4-5 percent of the total summit crater area. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in satellite images during 6-10 August, though weather clouds mostly prevented satellite and webcam views. The Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Orange and Watch, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Nyiragongo (DR Congo) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Nyiragongo
Albertine Rift Volcanic Province

Goma Volcano Observatory (GVO) reported that a gas-and-ash plume rose from Nyiragongo at 1420 on 4 August.

Source: Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG)

Pacaya (Guatemala) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Pacaya
Central America Volcanic Arc

INSIVUMEH reported that explosions at Pacaya were recorded at 0905, 1340, and 1421 on 4 August, a departure from the low levels of activity observed during the previous four months. The explosions produced ash plumes that rose about 1 km above the summit and drifted 12 km N, causing ashfall in Mesías Altas, Mesías Bajas, and Villa Canales. The report noted that the cinder cone in Mackenney Crater had been destroyed during the previous eruption phase and the crater was about 100 m deep. Cracks were seen around the crater indicating areas of instability at the summit. Steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 3 km in multiple directions during 5-10 August. No explosions were heard or visually observed, though the seismic network recorded weak explosion signals during 6-7 August.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Pagan (United States) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Pagan
Mariana Volcanic Arc

Felt earthquakes and minor emissions from Pagan were observed on 29 July. No additional activity had been reported by 6 August; the Aviation Color Code and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Yellow/Advisory, respectively. Seismic, infrasound, and web camera data from the volcano remained unavailable; no activity was observed in satellite images.

Source: US Geological Survey

Pavlof (United States) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Pavlof
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

Intermittent bursts of ash from the summit of Pavlof were visible in webcam views on 5 August, prompting AVO to raise the Volcano Alert Level and Aviation Color Code to Watch and Orange, respectively. The bursts formed diffuse plumes that rose just above the summit and drifted almost 10 km SE before dissipating. Minor daily ash emissions continued to be observed in webcam images during 5-9 August. The seismic network recorded elevated seismicity (tremor) and small explosions. Several small explosions were recorded during 8-9 August though weather clouds prevented satellite and webcam views.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Semisopochnoi (United States) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Semisopochnoi
Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc

AVO reported that an eruption at Semisopochnoi’s North Cerberus crater was ongoing during 4-10 August, characterized by daily explosions, ash plumes, and sulfur dioxide emissions identified in satellite images. Multiple energetic explosions were detected almost daily in seismic and infrasound data. An ash cloud rose to 1.5-3 km (5,000-10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 33 km NE during 3-4 August. Ash emissions were also visible in webcam images and photographed by an observer S of the island. An ash cloud was generated at 2123 on 4 August and was visible in satellite data until 0250 on 5 August, drifting 180 km SE over Gareloi and southern Tanaga Island. A small ash cloud at 2040 on 6 August drifted 50 km beyond the N crater vent and quickly dissipated. Another small ash cloud at 2103 caused ashfall on the webcam located 5 km NE about 30 minutes later. Ash-and-steam emissions were visible in webcam images until 2333. A large infrasound signal was recorded at 0653 on 8 August, though weather conditions prevented visual confirmation of emissions. A possible small ash cloud was visible in a satellite image at 0700. At least three separate explosions were recorded at 1714 on 8 August and 0339 and 0417 on 9 August. A small ash cloud at 900 m (3,000 ft) a.s.l. was visible in satellite images on the morning of 9 August. There were 10 explosions recorded during 9-10 August; small ash-and-steam emissions were visible in the webcam and small low-level plumes were occasionally identified in satellite data. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch.

Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)

Suwanosejima (Japan) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Suwanosejima
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported that 13 explosions at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater produced eruption plumes that rose as high as 3.8 km above the crater rim during 30 July-6 August. Large volcanic bombs were ejected 500 m from the crater. Crater incandescence was visible nightly. The Alert Level remained at 2 and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Tengger Caldera (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Tengger Caldera
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that during 3-9 August white steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 400 m above Tengger Caldera’s Bromo cone and drifted NW, W, and SW. Thermal anomalies were visible in satellite images on 3 and 8 August; a weaker anomaly was also visible on 29 July. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and visitors were warned to stay outside of a 1-km radius of the crater.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Sentinel Hub

Whakaari/White Island (New Zealand) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | New Activity / Unrest Cite this Report

Whakaari/White Island
Taupo Volcanic Zone

GeoNet maintained the Volcanic Alert Level at 2 and the Aviation Color Code at Yellow for Whakaari/White Island based on continuing unrest and data collected during a recent overflight. In a 9 August report GeoNet noted that temperatures in the vent area remained high at 520 degrees Celsius; crater incandescence continued to be visible in webcams images at night. Moderate levels of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions measured downwind of the volcano were similar to levels observed on 20 July. Low levels of ground deformation around the active vent and lake area were identified in satellite radar data. The interpretation of the data suggested a shallow magma intrusion beginning in June. Very steamy conditions obscured views of the vent area.

Source: GeoNet

Aira (Japan) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Aira
Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

JMA reported that incandescence from Minamidake Crater (at Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) was visible at night during 2-9 August. Very small eruptive events were recorded during 2-6 August. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was relatively elevated at 1,500 tons per day on 4 August. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and residents were warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Asamayama (Japan) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Asamayama
Northeast Japan Volcanic Arc

On 6 August JMA lowered the Alert Level for Asamayama to 1 (on a scale of 1-5), noting that the number of shallow volcanic earthquakes had been decreasing, sulfur dioxide gas emissions had been low, and deformation on the W flank had stabilized. JMA reminded the public to stay 500 m away from the crater.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Copahue (Chile-Argentina) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Copahue
Southern Andean Volcanic Arc

SERNAGEOMIN and SEGEMAR reported increased activity at Copahue during 9-10 August, characterized as increased gas emissions, ash emissions, and crater incandescence. During the morning of 9 August gas-and-steam emissions increased and sulfur dioxide flux was as high as 7,200 tons per day. Crater incandescence was visible in nighttime webcam views and was intense during the early hours of 10 August. An ash plume rose 300 m above the crater rim and drifted N and NNW. Seismicity remained stable; data suggested no rising magma. The Alert Level remained at Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR)

Dukono (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Dukono
Halmahera Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that during 3-4 and 6 August white-and-gray ash plumes from Dukono rose 100-500 m above the summit and drifted E and W. Weather conditions prevented visual observations during 5 and 7-10 August. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Ebeko (Russia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Ebeko
Kuril Volcanic Arc

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 29 July, 1 August, and 3-5 August produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 1 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Etna (Italy) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Etna
Sicily Volcanic Province

INGV reported continuing activity at Etna’s summit craters during 2-8 August, mainly from the Northeast Crater (NEC) and the Southeast Crater (SEC). Gas emissions rose from Voragine Crater and from two active craters in Bocca Nuova. A series of discontinuous ash emissions from NEC began at 1350 on 4 August and lasted about two hours. An ash plume rose to 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Similar but less intense ash emissions were visible on 5 August. The reddish mostly fine-grained material emitted from NEC was erupted when no thermal anomalies were present in the crater, suggesting that they were the result of landslides rather than eruptive activity. Strombolian activity began at SEC at 2057 on 7 August and was characterized by isolated explosions and the ejection of incandescent material beyond the crater rim; activity ceased during the night. An explosion at 2056 on 8 August was followed by the resumption of Strombolian activity at 0030 on 9 August. Incandescent material was again ejected beyond the crater rim and an ash plume drifted SE.

Source: Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo (INGV)

Fuego (Guatemala) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Fuego
Central America Volcanic Arc

INSIVUMEH reported that 4-13 explosions per hour were recorded during 3-10 August at Fuego, generating ash plumes as high as 1.1 km above the crater rim and shock waves that often rattled buildings around the volcano. Ash plumes mostly drifted as far as 15 km W and SW, causing daily ashfall in several areas downwind, including Morelia (9 km SW), Panimaché (8 km SW), Santa Sofía (12 km SW), Yucales (12 km SW), El Porvenir (8 km ENE), Finca Palo Verde, Sangre de Cristo (8 km WSW), and San Pedro Yepocapa (8 km NW). Block avalanches descended the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Trinidad (S), Taniluyá (SW), Las Lajas (SE), and Honda drainages, often reaching vegetated areas. Explosions ejected incandescent material 100-400 m above the summit during 4-6 and 9-10 August. At 1700 on 6 August a lahar descended the Las Lajas drainage, carrying fine material along with tree branches and blocks 1-2 m in diameter.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Karymsky (Russia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Karymsky
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Karymsky was identified in satellite images during 29 and 31 July, and 1, 2, and 4 August. Weather clouds prevented satellite observations on the days in between as well as during 5-6 August. Gas, steam, and ash plumes from explosions rose 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 75 km SE during 1 and 4-5 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Lewotolok (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Lewotolok
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that the Strombolian eruption at Lewotolok continued during 3-10 August. Daily white, gray, and sometimes black plumes rose as high as 1.5 km above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Banging noises associated with eruptions were reported almost daily. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 3 km away from the summit crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Merapi (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Merapi
Sunda Volcanic Arc

BPPTKG reported that the lava dome just below Merapi’s SW rim and the lava dome in the summit crater both remained active during 30 July-5 August. The SW rim dome volume was an estimated 1.895 million cubic meters and about 3 m tall. A total of seven pyroclastic flows descended the SW flank as far as 2 km and as many as 84 lava avalanches traveled a maximum of 2 km SW. Multiple pyroclastic flows traveled 2-3 km down the SW flank on 8 August and ash plumes rose 1 km above the summit. According to a news article ashfall was reported in several local communities. Pyroclastic flows traveled up to 3 km down the SW flanks multiple times during 9-10 August. BNPB noted that a small fire on the SW flank, 2.5 km from the crater, was set by ejected incandescent material; the fire burned an area of only 30 square meters during 25-26 August. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 5 km away from the summit.

Sources: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG), Forbes

Popocatepetl (Mexico) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Popocatepetl
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

CENAPRED reported that each day during 4-10 August there were 30-92 steam-and-gas emissions from Popocatépetl. The plumes drifted mainly W and some contained ash. A minor explosion was recorded at 0652 on 4 August. At 2137 on 6 August a moderately-sized explosion produced a plume, thought the height and drift direction were obscured by weather conditions. Incandescent fragments ejected from the crater were seen falling on the flanks not far from the crater rim. Weather conditions again prevented views of an explosion at 0258 on 8 August. The Alert Level remained at Yellow, Phase Two (middle level on a three-color scale).

Source: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)

Raung (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Raung
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that neither explosive nor effusive activity had been recorded at Raung since February, and emissions were not observed during 1 July-8 August. Seismicity had declined and deformation data indicated a trend of deflation. The Alert Level was lowered to 1 (on a scale of 1-4) on 9 August, and the public was warned to stay away from the crater.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

Santa Maria (Guatemala) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Santa Maria
Central America Volcanic Arc

INSIVUMEH reported that during 4-10 August daily explosions at Santa María’s Santiaguito lava-dome complex generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1 km above the summit and drifted as far as 7 km SW and W. Incandescence from the complex was occasionally visible at night. Collapses of blocky lava from Caliente dome sent avalanches down the S, SW, and W flanks, often reaching the base, and caused minor ashfall mostly on the volcano’s flank. Ashfall was also reported in San Marcos (8 km SW), Loma Linda Palajunoj (6 km WSW), and surrounding farms during 3-4 and 8-9 August. Heavy rainfall on 7 August caused a lahar to descend the Tambor River, carrying branches, tree trunks, and blocks up to 3 m in diameter.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)

Semeru (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Semeru
Sunda Volcanic Arc

Semeru continued to erupt during 4-10 August. Inclement weather often prevented visual observations, though during 4-7 August avalanches of lava from the end of the flow in the summit crater were seen traveling 200 m SE down the Kobokan drainage. Gray-and-white plumes rose 500 m above the summit and drifted SW during 6-7 and 9 August. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), with a general exclusion zone of 1 km and extensions to 5 km in the SSE sector.

Sources: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM), Darwin Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC)

Sheveluch (Russia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sheveluch
Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Sheveluch was identified in satellite images during 30 July-6 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Sinabung (Indonesia) | 4 August-10 August 2021 | Continuing ActivityCite this Report

Sinabung
Sunda Volcanic Arc

PVMBG reported that on most days during 3-10 August white gas-and-steam plumes from Sinabung rose as high as 500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. Avalanches of lava traveled 500-700 m down the E and SE flanks during 4-7 August. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 2-km exclusion zone.

Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)

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Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers

1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

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