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Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Weekly Volcanic Activity Map

The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is a cooperative project between the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program and the US Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Updated by 2300 UTC every Wednesday and averaging 16 reported volcanoes, this is not a comprehensive list of all eruptions this week, but rather a summary of activity that meet criteria discussed in the "Criteria and Disclaimers" section below.

Volcanic activity reported here is preliminary and subject to change. Carefully reviewed, detailed narratives over longer time periods are published as reports of the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network available through volcano profile pages.

Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for the week of 20 March-26 March 2024
Name Country Volcanic Province Eruption Start Date Report Status
Fernandina Ecuador Galapagos Hotspot Volcano Group — New
Reykjanes Iceland Iceland Neovolcanic Rift Volcanic Province — New
Aira Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2017 Mar 25 Continuing
Dukono Indonesia Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1933 Aug 13 Continuing
Ebeko Russia Kuril Volcanic Arc 2022 Jun 11 Continuing
Fuego Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 2002 Jan 4 Continuing
Great Sitkin United States Aleutian Ridge Volcanic Arc 2021 May 25 Continuing
Lewotobi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 23 Continuing
Lewotolok Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc — Continuing
Marapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2023 Dec 3 Continuing
Merapi Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2020 Dec 31 Continuing
Nevado del Ruiz Colombia Northern Andean Volcanic Arc 2014 Nov 18 Continuing
Nyiragongo DR Congo Albertine Rift Volcanic Province 2002 May 17 (?) Continuing
Popocatepetl Mexico Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 2005 Jan 9 Continuing
Sabancaya Peru Central Andean Volcanic Arc 2016 Nov 6 Continuing
Santa Maria Guatemala Central America Volcanic Arc 1922 Jun 22 Continuing
Semeru Indonesia Sunda Volcanic Arc 2017 Jun 6 Continuing
Sheveluch Russia Eastern Kamchatka Volcanic Arc 1999 Aug 15 Continuing
Suwanosejima Japan Ryukyu Volcanic Arc 2004 Oct 23 Continuing
All times are local unless otherwise stated.
Weekly Reports Archive

Since the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report began in November 2000, there have been 20,627 individual reports over 1,243 weeks (average of 17 per week) on 338 different volcanoes.

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Adams Cotopaxi Iliwerung Llaima Popocatepetl Sumisujima
Agung Cuicocha Inielika Lokon-Empung Purace Sundoro
Ahyi Cumbal Ioto Lonquimay Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Suoh
Aira Dabbahu Irazu Lopevi Rabaul Suretamatai
Akan Davidof Iwatesan Machin Raikoke Suwanosejima
Alaid Dempo Iya Makushin Ranakah Taal
Alu-Dalafilla Descabezado Grande Izu-Torishima Maly Semyachik Raoul Island Tair, Jebel at
Ambae Dieng Volcanic Complex Jackson Segment Manam Rasshua Takawangha
Ambang Dukono Kaba Manda Hararo Raung Talang
Ambrym East Epi Kadovar Marapi Redoubt Tambora
Anatahan Ebeko Kaitoku Seamount Maroa Reventador Tanaga
Aniakchak Ebulobo Kama'ehuakanaloa Martin Reykjanes Tandikat-Singgalang
Antillanca Volcanic Complex Edgecumbe Kambalny Masaya Rincon de la Vieja Tangkoko-Duasudara
Antuco Egon Kanaga Matthew Island Rinjani Tangkuban Parahu
Apoyeque Ekarma Kanlaon Maule, Laguna del Ritter Island Tara, Batu
Arenal Eldey Karangetang Mauna Loa Rotorua Ta'u
Asamayama Erebus Karkar Mayon Ruang Taupo
Askja Erta Ale Karthala McDonald Islands Ruapehu Telica
Asosan Etna Karymsky Melebingoy Ruby Tenerife
Atka Volcanic Complex Etorofu-Yakeyama [Grozny Group] Kasatochi Melimoyu Ruiz, Nevado del Tengger Caldera
Augustine Eyjafjallajokull Katla Merapi Sabancaya Three Sisters
Avachinsky Fagradalsfjall Katmai Midagahara Sakar Tinakula
Awu Fernandina Kavachi Misti, El Salak Tofua
Axial Seamount Fogo Kelimutu Miyakejima San Cristobal Tokachidake
Azul, Cerro Fonualei Kelud Momotombo San Miguel Tolbachik
Azumayama Fournaise, Piton de la Kerinci Monowai San Vicente Toliman
Bagana Fourpeaked Ketoi Montagu Island Sangay Tongariro
Balbi Fuego Kharimkotan Moyorodake [Medvezhia] Sangeang Api Trident
Bamus Fujisan Kick 'em Jenny Mutnovsky Santa Ana Tungurahua
Banda Api Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba Kie Besi Myojinsho Santa Maria Turrialba
Bardarbunga Galeras Kikai Nabro Sao Jorge Ubinas
Barren Island Galunggung Kilauea Negra, Sierra Sarigan Ugashik-Peulik
Batur Gamalama Kirishimayama Negro, Cerro Sarychev Peak Ukinrek Maars
Bezymianny Gamkonora Kita-Ioto Nightingale Island Saunders Ulawun
Bogoslof Gareloi Kizimen Nishinoshima Savo Unnamed
Brava Gaua Klyuchevskoy Nisyros Semeru Unnamed
Bristol Island Gorely Kolokol Group Novarupta Semisopochnoi Veniaminof
Bulusan Great Sitkin Koryaksky NW Rota-1 Seulawah Agam Villarrica
Calbuco Grimsvotn Krakatau Nyamulagira Sheveluch Vulcano
Callaqui Guagua Pichincha Krummel-Garbuna-Welcker Nyiragongo Shishaldin West Mata
Cameroon Guallatiri Krysuvik-Trolladyngja Ofu-Olosega Simbo Westdahl
Campi Flegrei Guntur Kuchinoerabujima Okataina Sinabung Whakaari/White Island
Campi Flegrei del Mar di Sicilia Hachijojima Kurikomayama Okmok Sinarka Witori
Cayambe Hakoneyama Kusatsu-Shiranesan Ontakesan Siple Wolf
Chachadake [Tiatia] Heard Kverkfjoll Oraefajokull Sirung Wrangell
Chaiten Hekla La Palma Osorno Slamet Yakedake
Chiginagak Helgrindur Lamington Pacaya Snaefellsjokull Yasur
Chikurachki Hierro Lamongan Pagan Soputan Yellowstone
Chiles-Cerro Negro Hokkaido-Komagatake Langila Palena Volcanic Group Sorikmarapi Yufu-Tsurumi
Chillan, Nevados de Home Reef Lanin Paluweh Sotara Zaozan [Zaosan]
Chirinkotan Hood Lascar Panarea Soufriere Hills Zavodovski
Chirpoi Huaynaputina Late Papandayan Soufriere St. Vincent Zhupanovsky
Ciremai Hudson, Cerro Lateiki Pavlof South Sarigan Seamount Zubair Group
Cleveland Huila, Nevado del Lengai, Ol Doinyo Pelee Spurr
Colima Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Leroboleng Peuet Sague St. Helens
Colo Ibu Lewotobi Pinatubo Stromboli
Concepcion Ijen Lewotolok Planchon-Peteroa Sulu Range
Copahue Iliamna Little Sitkin Poas Sumbing
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The RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feed is identical to the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report minus some features including the header information (latitude and longitude and summit elevation), the Geologic Summary, and a link to the volcano's page from the Global Volcanism Program. At the end of each report is a list of the sources used. Each volcano report includes a link from the volcano's name back to the more complete information in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report on the Smithsonian website. This feature was first made available on 5 March 2008.


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A Google Earth network link for the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report can be loaded into the free Google Earth software, and in turn will load placemarks for volcanoes in the current weekly report. Placemark balloons include the volcano name, report date, report text, sources, and links back to the GVP volcano profile page and to the complete Weekly Report for that week. This feature was first made available on 1 April 2009.

 Criteria & Disclaimers

Criteria



The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report does not necessarily include all volcanic activity that occurred on Earth during the week. More than a dozen volcanoes globally have displayed more-or-less continuous eruptive activity for decades or longer, and such routine activity is typically not reported here. Moreover, Earth's sea-floor volcanism is seldom reported even though in theory it represents the single most prolific source of erupted material. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report summarizes volcanic activity that meets one or more of the following criteria:

- A volcano observatory raises or lowers the alert level at the volcano.
- A volcanic ash advisory has been released by a volcanic ash advisory center (VAAC) stating that an ash cloud has been produced from the volcano.
- A verifiable news report of new activity or a change in activity at the volcano has been issued.
- Observers have reported a significant change in volcanic activity. Such activity can include, but is not restricted to, pyroclastic flows, lahars, lava flows, dome collapse, or increased unrest.

Volcanoes are included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report if the activity occurs after at least 3 months of quiescence. Once a volcano is included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section, updates will remain in that section unless the activity continues for more than 1 month without escalating, after which time updates will be listed in the "Continuing Activity" section. Volcanoes are also included in the "New Activity/Unrest" section if the volcano is undergoing a period of relatively high unrest, or increasing unrest. This is commonly equal to Alert Level Orange on a scale of Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, where Red is the highest alert. Or alert level 3 on a scale of 1-4 or 1-5.

It is important to note that volcanic activity meeting one or more of these criteria may occur during the week, but may not be included in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report because we did not receive a report.

Disclaimers



1. The Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is intended to provide timely information about global volcanism on a weekly basis. Consequently, the report is generated rapidly by summarizing volcanic reports from various sources, with little time for fact checking. The accuracy of the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report is dependent upon the quality of the volcanic activity reports we receive. Reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network are cover longer time periods and are more carefully reviewed, although all of the volcanoes discussed in the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report are not necessarily reported in the Bulletin. Because of our emphasis on rapid reporting on the web we have avoided diacritical marks. Reports are updated on the Weekly Volcanic Activity Report web page as they are received, therefore information may be included regarding events that occurred before the current report period.

2. Rapidly developing events lead to coverage that is often fragmentary. Volcanoes, their eruptions, and their plumes and associated atmospheric effects are complex phenomena that may require months to years of data analysis in order to create a comprehensive summary and interpretation of events.

3. Preliminary accounts sometimes contain exaggerations and "false alarms," and accordingly, this report may include some events ultimately found to be erroneous or misleading.

4. Many news agencies do not archive the articles they post on the Internet, and therefore the links to some sources may not be active. To obtain information about the cited articles that are no longer available on the Internet contact the source.

5. USGS Disclaimer Statement for this Website:

Information presented on this website is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested. We strongly recommend that USGS data be acquired directly from a USGS server and not through other sources that may change the data in some way. While USGS makes every effort to provide accurate and complete information, various data such as names, telephone numbers, etc. may change prior to updating. USGS welcomes suggestions on how to improve our home page and correct errors. USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of furnished data.

Some of the documents on this server may contain live references (or pointers) to information created and maintained by other organizations. Please note that USGS does not control and cannot guarantee the relevance, timeliness, or accuracy of these outside materials.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information, or otherwise cause damage. Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this website are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act. Information may also be used for authorized law enforcement investigations. (Last modified September 21, 1999.)

U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
URL: https://volcano.si.edu/reports_weekly.cfm

 Acronyms and Abbreviations

a.s.l. - above sea level

AVO - Alaska Volcano Observatory

AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CENAPRED - Centro Nacionale de Prevencion de Desastres (México)

CONRED - Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres

COSPEC - Correlation Spectrometer

CVGHM (formerly VSI) - Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation

CVO - Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)

GMS - Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GVO - Goma Volcano Observatory

GVP - Global Volcanism Program (Smithsonian Institution)

HVO - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (USGS)

ICE - Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (Costa Rica)

IG - Instituto Geofísico (Ecuador)

IGNS - Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (New Zealand) - now GNS Science

INETER - Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (Nicaragua)

INGEMMET - Instituto Geológical Minero y Metalúrgico (Peru)

INGEOMINAS - Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería (Colombia)

INGV-CT - Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (Italy)

INSIVUMEH - Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia e Hidrologia (Guatemala)

IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France)

JMA - Japanese Meteorological Agency

KEMSD - Kamchatkan Experimental and Methodical Seismilogical Department

KVERT - Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team

M - magnitude

METEOSAT - Meteorological Satellite

MEVO - Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory

MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MVO - Montserrat Volcano Observatory

MWO - Meteorological Watch Office

NEIC - National Earthquake Information Center

NIED - National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOTAM - Notice to Airmen

OVDAS - Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur (Chile)

OFDA - Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance

ONEMI - Oficina Nacional de Emergencia - Ministerio del Interior (Chile)

OVPDLF - Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (France)

OVSICORI-UNA - Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)

PHIVOLCS - Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Philippines)

RSAM - Real-time Seismic Amplitude Measurement

RVO - Rabaul Volcano Observatory

SERNAGEOMIN - Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information

SNET - Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (El Salvador)

SVERT - Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (Russia)

USAID - US Agency for International Development

USGS - United States Geological Survey

UTC - Coordinated Universal Time

VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

VAFTAD - Volcanic Ash Forecast Transport And Dispersion

VDAP - Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (USGS)

VHP - Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)

VRC - Volcano Research Center (Japan)

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Report for Fernandina
Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN) reported that moderate eruptive activity continued at Fernandina during 20-26 March. Daily thermal anomalies were detected in satellite images. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions identified in TROPOMI satellite data totaled 158 tons on 20 March, 720 tons on 24 March, and 790 tons during 25-26 March. Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR) maintained the Alert Level at White (the lowest level on a four-color scale).
Sources: Instituto Geofísico-Escuela Politécnica Nacional (IG-EPN), Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos (SGR)
Report for Reykjanes
According to the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), eruptive activity along the fissure that opened on 16 March began to stabilize on 20 March, with vents remaining in the same locations as previous days where cones had been built. The lava flows traveled S on top of older flows from the previous episodes in December 2023 and January-February 2024. Little or no change was observed at the flow fronts near Suðurstrandarvegur (the southern coast road) and Svartsengi. Lava began to flow into Melhólsnáma mine during 23-24 March, eventually filling it. Seismicity remained low. Early SO2 flux measurements from 17 March were up to 50 kg/s, but preliminary results from a more recent measurement indicated that the rate had decreased substantially. On the morning of 20 March, the National Land Survey of Iceland and the Institute of Natural History conducted aerial photography flights. Based on image analysis, an average discharge rate of 14.5 cubic meters per second during 17-20 March was estimated, and the new lava field was about 5.58 square kilometers with a volume of 20.9 million cubic meters. By 25 March the eruptive activity had decreased and possibly ceased at the smaller cones. The cones that remained active continued to grow, and the main lava flow extended south and bent westward. Seismicity and volcanic tremor gradually decreased. GPS monitoring continued to detect inflation at Svartsengi, but at a slower rate. High levels of SO2 were measured in Höfn and Grindavík over the past few days, and IMO warned of risk associated with gas emissions.
Sources: Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Almannavarnadeild ríkislögreglustjóra (National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police and Department of Civil Protection and Emergency Management)
Report for Aira
JMA reported ongoing eruptive activity at Minamidake Crater (Aira Caldera’s Sakurajima volcano) during 18-25 March. An explosion at 1952 on 18 March produced an ash plume that rose 1.2 km above the crater rim and drifted SE and ejected large blocks 800-1,100 m from the vent. Very small eruptions and nighttime incandescence were observed at the summit crater during other days of the report period. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a 5-level scale), and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from both craters.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Report for Dukono
Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that Dukono continued to erupt during 20-26 March. Gray-and-white emissions rose as high as 450 m above the summit. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1–4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the 3-km exclusion zone.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Ebeko
KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 14-21 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), during 20-21 March explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. On other days the volcano was quiet, or weather clouds prevented satellite views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Fuego
INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Fuego during 20-26 March. Explosions were recorded daily, averaging 3-12 per hour each day. The explosions generated ash and gas plumes that rose as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 30 km in multiple directions; ballistics occasionally fell as far as 2 km away. Frequent block avalanches caused by the explosions descended various drainages, including the Ceniza (SSW), Seca (W), Taniluyá (SW), Santa Teresa (W), and Las Lajas (SE), and sometimes reached vegetated areas. Incandescent material was ejected 100-300 m above the summit on 22 and 24 March. Weak rumbling sounds and shock waves were frequently reported. On 21 March ashfall was reported in Panimache (8 km SW), Morelia (9 km SW), and Santa Sofía (12 km SW).
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Great Sitkin
AVO reported that slow lava effusion continued in Great Sitkin’s summit crater during 20-26 March. Weather clouds obscured or partly obscured satellite and webcam views during most of the week. A radar satellite image acquired during 19-20 March showed advancement of the active NW lava flow and uplift of the center of the lava dome above the vent. Seismicity was low and a few small earthquakes were recorded each day. The Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch (the third level on a four-level scale) and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale).
Source: US Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO)
Report for Lewotobi
Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported that white emissions rose as high as 100 m above the summit of Lewotobi Laki-laki during 20-26 March. Some rockfall events were detected by the seismic network. There were no visual observations of renewed lava effusion, and no reports of lava flow movement since 20 February. The Alert Level remained at Level 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to remain outside of the hazard zone, defined as a 2-km radius around the crater, the 3-km NNE sector expansion, and the 5-km NE sector expansion; both sector expansions extend from the established 2-km hazard radius.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Lewotolok
Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) reported continuing activity at Lewotolok during 20-26 March. White-and-gray emissions were observed daily; plumes rose as high as 1 km above the summit. Seismicity included non-harmonic tremor episodes, frequent gas emission signals, and 6-18 daily eruption events. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4) and the public was warned to stay 2-km away from the vent and 3-km away from the summit crater on the S and SE flank.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Marapi
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity at Marapi (on Sumatra) was ongoing during 20-26 March. White and gray ash plumes rose 200-500 m above the summit and drifted multiple directions on 20 and 24 March. White steam and gas plumes rose 200-250 m above the summit and drifted N, NE, and NW on 21 and 25 March. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 4.5 km away from the active crater.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Merapi
BPPTKG reported that the eruption at Merapi (on Java) continued during 15-21 March. Seismicity remained at high levels. The SW lava dome produced 59 lava avalanches that descended the SW flank as far as 1.8 km. Morphological changes to the SW lava dome caused by lava avalanches were identified in images from a drone survey on 21 March. The Alert Level remained at 3 (on a scale of 1-4), and the public was warned to stay 3-7 km away from the summit, based on location.
Source: Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi (BPPTKG)
Report for Nevado del Ruiz
Servicio Geológico Colombiano’s (SGC) Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de Manizales reported that eruptive activity at Nevado del Ruiz continued during 19-25 March. Seismicity associated with fluid movement decreased in both the number of events recorded and seismic energy released; most of these signals were associated with pulsating emissions of ash and gas. At 0516 on 22 March a seismic signal was associated with an ash emission that rose 1,100 m above the crater and drifted 1,400 m to the SW and W; this was the highest intensity signal this year. Several ash emissions were seen with a webcam. Seismicity associated with rock fracturing decreased in the number of events but increased in seismic energy released. These earthquakes at depths of 1-6 km below the summit were primarily located on the E flank, 3-5 km from the Arenas Crater, with additional events in other areas within 10 km of the crater. The largest event of the period was M 2.0 at 1217 on 24 March. Several thermal anomalies on the crater floor were identified in satellite data. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-level scale), and the public was warned to stay out of the restricted areas around Arenas Crater.
Source: Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC)
Report for Nyiragongo
Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG) reported that the sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux at Nyiragongo decreased slightly but remained at moderate levels during 18-23 March. The Munigi station measured a small increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from fractures in the S area. Additionally, CO2 concentrations in the “mazuku”, or lowland areas located in the W area of the city of Goma, remained lethal. The Alert Level remained at Yellow.
Source: Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma (OVG)
Report for Popocatepetl
Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) reported that eruptive activity continued at Popocatépetl during 20-26 March. Daily activity consisted of 14-69 long-period (LP) events that were accompanied by emissions of gas, steam, and small quantities of ash. Additionally, high-frequency and variable amplitude episodes of tremor were registered; duration of episodes ranged from approximately 2.9 to 17.6 hours per day. Continuous gas, steam, and sometimes ash emissions were observed during the mornings; plumes dispersed towards the NE and ENE. Centro Nacional de Comunicación y Operación de Protección Civil (CENACOM) reported light ashfall in multiple municipalities within the state of Puebla during 20-26 March, and within the state of Tlaxcala during 25-26 March.
Source: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)
Report for Sabancaya
Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that moderate levels of eruptive activity continued at Sabancaya during 20-26 March. The monitoring network recorded a range of 5-30 explosions per day. Explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.1 km above the summit crater and drifted less than 10 km in multiple directions; plume heights were not visible during 24-26 March. Seismic signals associated with the movement of magma and gases were registered; totaled counts ranged between 16 and 76 events per day. Thermal anomalies over the lava dome in the summit crater were identified in satellite images almost daily but were not detected during the night of 22 March. Deformation monitoring data indicated continued slight inflation near the Hualca Hualca sector (4 km N). The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was reminded to stay at least 12 km away from the summit crater in all directions.
Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)
Report for Santa Maria
INSIVUMEH reported that eruptive activity continued at Santa Maria’s Santiaguito lava dome complex during 20-26 March with a lava extrusion and avalanches at the Caliente dome. Incandescence from the dome was visible during most nights and early mornings, and occasional incandescence was also present along the upper WSW flank lava flow. Daily explosions generated ash, gas, and steam plumes that rose as high as 900 m above the summit and drifted multiple directions on most days, and on 20 March rose 2.2 km above the summit. The explosions occurred at rates between 1 and 7 per hour that generated block avalanches on the dome’s flanks and occasional short pyroclastic flows that descended multiple flanks. Sometimes the block avalanches were accompanied by rumbling sounds. On 21 and 22 March ashfall was reported in Loma Linda (7 km W), San Marcos Palajunoj (8 km SW) and other communities in this area; ash caused hazy conditions around the volcano on 24 and 25 March.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia (INSIVUMEH)
Report for Semeru
PVMBG reported that eruptive activity continued at Semeru during 20-26 March. During the week, 14 eruptive events were recorded by the seismic network, and ash plumes rose 500-1,200 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions. During 20 and 23-24 March white and gray emissions rose 50-200 m above the summit and drifted multiple directions. On 25 March white emissions rose 100-200 m above the summit and drifted SW, W, and NW. The Alert Level remained at 3 (the third highest level on a scale of 1-4). The public was warned to stay at least 5 km away from the summit in all directions, 13 km from the summit to the SE, 500 m from the banks of the Kobokan drainage as far as 17 km from the summit, and to avoid other drainages including the Bang, Kembar, and Sat, due to lahar, avalanche, and pyroclastic flow hazards.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
Report for Sheveluch
KVERT reported that eruptive activity at Sheveluch continued with a thermal anomaly identified in satellite images during 17-21 March. Strong gas and steam emissions were observed at the Karan dome. On 21 March plumes of resuspended ash extended 65 km to the SE [Correction: plumes of resuspended ash from the S flank rose to 2 km (6,560 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 35 km ESE]. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.
Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)
Report for Suwanosejima
Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that the eruption at Suwanosejima's Ontake Crater continued during 20-26 March. Crater incandescence was observed nightly in infrared camera images. A total of seven explosions were registered by the seismic network; resulting ash plumes rose up to 1.3 km above the crater rim before drifting N and SE and ejected large ballistic projectiles (20-30 cm in diameter) as far as 600 m away from the center of the crater. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a 5-level scale) and the public was warned to stay at least 1 km away from the crater.
Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)