During July, the turquoise-green crater lake at Poás had a temperature of 34°C. This temperature is close to those of the recent past, although during 1993-98 the lake's temperature varied significantly, from 25°C to 70°C. Between February and July 1998 the crater lake's surface dropped 1.6 m. As late as 30 July the lake's volume was 1.3 x 10⁶ m³. Gases noisily escaping from the pyroclastic cone (the dominant fumarolic area), formed columns reaching 500 and 600 m in height. Fumaroles on the S flank had measured temperatures of 92°C; those on the N terrace, 93°C; and those on the lake's S and SW shores, up to 94°C.

Changes in pH, Cl, and SO₄ have been measured during the past 5 years. During 1993-94 the active crater lake's pH values were near 0; during 1996 they shifted upwards, and since then pH values have remained between 1 and 2. As recently as July 1998, the trends in pH, Cl, and SO₄ have remained relatively consistent and followed the moderately constrained paths established during the past several years.

Since last reported on (BGVN 23:03), seismicity decreased several-fold. February established the monthly high for 1998 for both low- and medium-frequency earthquakes (2,718 and 75 events, respectively) and tremor duration (55 hours). During June and July, respectively, low-frequency earthquakes occurred 704 and 861 times; medium-frequency earthquakes took place seven times and one time; and tremor lasted for 2 and 3.5 hours.

Geological Summary. The broad vegetated edifice of Poás, one of the most active volcanoes of Costa Rica, contains three craters along a N-S line. The frequently visited multi-hued summit crater lakes of the basaltic-to-dacitic volcano are easily accessible by vehicle from the nearby capital city of San José. A N-S-trending fissure cutting the complex stratovolcano extends to the lower N flank, where it has produced the Congo stratovolcano and several lake-filled maars. The southernmost of the two summit crater lakes, Botos, last erupted about 7,500 years ago. The more prominent geothermally heated northern lake, Laguna Caliente, is one of the world's most acidic natural lakes, with a pH of near zero. It has been the site of frequent phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions since an eruption was reported in 1828. Eruptions often include geyser-like ejections of crater-lake water.

Information Contacts: E. Fernández, V. Barboza, M. Martinez, E. Duarte, R. Van der Laat, E. Hernández, and T. Marino, Observatorio Vulcanologico y Sismologico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional (OVSICORI-UNA).