"Activity continued at the same level as that of the previous 3 months. Southern crater usually emitted white vapour, but brown, grey, or blue emissions were occasionally seen. Weak rumbling noises were heard on a few days at the beginning of September. Emissions from Main crater were usually white, but grey emissions were seen on two occasions, on 2 and 10 September. No glows or lava fragment ejections from either crater were observed. Seismic activity and tilts were steady."

Geological Summary. The 10-km-wide island of Manam, lying 13 km off the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea, is one of the country's most active volcanoes. Four large radial valleys extend from the unvegetated summit of the conical basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano to its lower flanks. These valleys channel lava flows and pyroclastic avalanches that have sometimes reached the coast. Five small satellitic centers are located near the island's shoreline on the northern, southern, and western sides. Two summit craters are present; both are active, although most observed eruptions have originated from the southern crater, concentrating eruptive products during much of the past century into the SE valley. Frequent eruptions, typically of mild-to-moderate scale, have been recorded since 1616. Occasional larger eruptions have produced pyroclastic flows and lava flows that reached flat-lying coastal areas and entered the sea, sometimes impacting populated areas.

Information Contacts: C. McKee, RVO.