"Low-level activity persisted. Weak to moderate amounts of white vapour continued to be released from the summit crater. The recorded seismicity fluctuated between 1,500 and 300 small B-type events/day (relatively less numerous than during the last two months). The average amplitude of these events built up considerably (up to 8 times the norm) from early May to mid-June before decreasing again to regular non-eruptive levels. Apparent tremors were also recorded for long periods from 6-10, 15-16, and 19-29 June. It is not certain to what extent that signal was caused by the strong seasonal wind.

"An aerial and field inspection was carried out on 6 and 7 June. The interior of the summit crater was mostly obscured by abundant white and blue vapours. Little morphological change was noted compared to the last inspection, in July 1987, apart from the erosion. However, a series of fissures enhanced by fumarolic encrustations were observed to run horizontally, ~100 m below the rim of the internal S wall.

"Dry tilt measurements indicated summit area deflation of up to 55 µrad since the last eruption in November 1985. EDM measurements showed minor contractions of three lines radial to the flanks of the volcano since previously measured in November."

Geological Summary. The symmetrical basaltic-to-andesitic Ulawun stratovolcano is the highest volcano of the Bismarck arc, and one of Papua New Guinea's most frequently active. The volcano, also known as the Father, rises above the N coast of the island of New Britain across a low saddle NE of Bamus volcano, the South Son. The upper 1,000 m is unvegetated. A prominent E-W escarpment on the south may be the result of large-scale slumping. Satellitic cones occupy the NW and E flanks. A steep-walled valley cuts the NW side, and a flank lava-flow complex lies to the south of this valley. Historical eruptions date back to the beginning of the 18th century. Twentieth-century eruptions were mildly explosive until 1967, but after 1970 several larger eruptions produced lava flows and basaltic pyroclastic flows, greatly modifying the summit crater.

Information Contacts: P. de Saint-Ours and P. Lowenstein, RVO.