Quoted material is from RVO, with additional information on SO₂ flux supplied by S. Williams. "Moderate eruptive activity continued . . . throughout July. The summit crater released moderate to strong volumes of thick white and sometimes grey emissions. Intermittent low rumbling sounds with occasional mild explosions were heard at the observation post ~10 km S of Bagana. Occasional night glows from the summit were observed, and rockfalls continued on the active lava flow(s). The effusive activity was not clearly seen during the aerial inspection, although voluminous white emissions on the S flank . . . probably originated from a steaming lava flow."

During an SO₂ monitoring flight on the 27th from 0830 to 0910, a strong convoluted white cloud emanated from Bagana's summit, rising only slightly before being blown ~25-30 km downwind. The plume contained no ash but varied in size and opacity. Four traverses yielded SO₂ flux measurements of 4,870, 4,800, 1,930, and 2,390 t/d. The large measured variations corresponded well with visual estimates of variation in the plume size. Based on the duration of the observations and the relative times of the traverses, the estimated weighted average of the flux data was 3,230 t/d. The September 1983 data were similar (yielding a mean value of 3,100 t/d) but showed less variation (2,300, 3,000, 4,200, 2,800, 3,000 t/d) suggesting a more steady state of degassing at that time.

Geological Summary. Bagana volcano, in a remote portion of central Bougainville Island, is frequently active. This massive symmetrical cone was largely constructed by an accumulation of viscous andesitic lava flows. The entire edifice could have been constructed in about 300 years at its present rate of lava production. Eruptive activity is characterized by non-explosive effusion of viscous lava that maintains a small lava dome in the summit crater, although occasional explosive activity produces pyroclastic flows. Lava flows with tongue-shaped lobes up to 50 m thick and prominent levees descend the flanks on all sides.

Information Contacts: B. Talai and C. McKee, RVO; S. Williams, Louisiana State Univ.