SERNAGEOMIN reported that Chaitén's lava-dome complex continued to grow during 1-15 October. Steam from the E part of the complex and ash-and-steam plumes from the center were seen on clear days using the web camera, S of the volcano. Small emissions originated from numerous areas. An explosion on 14 October produced a dense ash cloud that drifted W. The Alert Level remained at Red. Based on web camera views, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions on 21 October. Plumes rose to altitudes of 1.8-2.4 km (6,000-8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SSE.

Geological Summary. Chaitén is a small caldera (~3 km in diameter) located 10 km NE of the town of Chaitén on the Gulf of Corcovado. Multiple explosive eruptions throughout the Holocene have been identified. A rhyolitic obsidian lava dome occupies much of the caldera floor. Obsidian cobbles from this dome found in the Blanco River are the source of artifacts from archaeological sites along the Pacific coast as far as 400 km from the volcano to the N and S. The caldera is breached on the SW side by a river that drains to the bay of Chaitén. The first recorded eruption, beginning in 2008, produced major rhyolitic explosive activity and building a new dome and tephra cone on the older rhyolite dome.

Sources: Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)