Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Kone.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Kone.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Kone.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Gariboldi | Koni

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Gariboldi

Caldera

1300 m

8° 50' 30" N

39° 41' 30" E

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

221200

1820 CE

1,380 m / 4,528 ft

8.8105°N
39.6946°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Caldera

Volcano Types
Caldera(s)
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Rhyolite
Trachyte / Trachydacite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Rift zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

7,289
27,271
255,387
4,245,801

Geological Summary

The Kone volcanic complex (also known as Gariboldi) is composed of a series of silicic calderas and young basaltic cinder cones and lava flows about 30 km SW of Fentale volcano in the Main Ethiopian Rift. As many as eight silicic calderas are accompanied by ignimbrite outflow sheets. Kone, the youngest caldera, is an elliptical 5 x 7.5 km structure trending E-W and oriented perpendicular to the rift. The rim rises about 100 m above the caldera floor; the eastern rim overlaps with a smaller elliptical caldera. Regional fissures trending roughly N-S cut across the caldera and its flanks. The youngest basalts were erupted during the first half of the 19th century from vents along a hinge line between the smaller eastern caldera (Korke) and the larger western one. A dark lava flow from a cone near the center of the southern caldera (Birenti), extended 12 km SW, where the caldera rim had been eroded, and surrounded older cones.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Acocella V, Korme T, Salvini F, Funiciello R, 2003. Elliptic calderas in the Ethiopian Rift: control of pre-existing structures. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 119: 189-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00342-6

Cole J W, 1969. Gariboldi volcanic complex, Ethiopia. Bull Volcanol, 33: 566-578.

Fontijn K, McNamara K, Tadesse A Z, Pyle D M, Dessalegn F, Hutchison W, Mather T A, Yirgu G, 2018. Contrasting styles of post-caldera volcanism along the Main Ethiopian Rift: Implications for contemporary volcanic hazards. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 356:90-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.02.001

Newhall C G, Dzurisin D, 1988. Historical unrest at large calderas of the world. U S Geol Surv Bull, 1855: 1108 p, 2 vol.

Wood C A, 1978. (pers. comm.).

Wood C A, 1980. (pers. comm.).

Eruptive History

There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1820 ± 10 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

East margin of Gariboldi caldera

1820 ± 10 years - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at East margin of Gariboldi caldera

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone
1820 ± 10 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Kone.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Kone.

Photo Gallery

The Kone volcanic complex, also known as Gariboldi, is composed of a series of silicic calderas and young basaltic scoria cones and lava flows. N is towards the lower left in this International Space Station image. The dark-colored basaltic lava flows on the caldera floor were erupted during the first half of the 19th century along a ridge between a smaller caldera to the E and a larger 5-km-wide caldera to the W. The larger young lava flow at the right was erupted from a vent on the SE flank.

NASA International Space Station image ISS001-363-9, 2001 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

The caldera complex and recent lava flows of the Kone volcanic complex are shown in this January 2021 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 37 km across). The Kone Caldera with the Korke embayment are filled with lavas from vents, with more recent flows from the eastern rim area. More recent lava flows were emplaced to the SW and NE.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2021 (https://www.planet.com/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Kone in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Kone. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Kone. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Kone

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).