The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Harrat Khaybar.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Harrat Khaybar.
The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Harrat Khaybar.
This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.
Synonyms |
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| Khaibar, Harrat el- | Khaiber, Harrat el- | ||||
Cones |
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| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Bayda, Jabal | Tuff cone | 1913 m | 25° 40' 0" N | 39° 56' 0" E |
| Esh-Shamit, Djebel | Cone | 25° 10' 0" N | 39° 15' 0" E | |
| Qidr, Jabal | Stratovolcano | 2022 m | 25° 43' 0" N | 39° 57' 0" E |
Domes |
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| Feature Name | Feature Type | Elevation | Latitude | Longitude |
| Abyad, Jabal | Dome | 2093 m | 25° 40' 0" N | 39° 58' 0" E |
| Am'am, Jabal | Dome | 1120 m | 25° 18' 0" N | 39° 33' 0" E |
| Ibayl, Jabal | Dome | 1901 m | 25° 40' 0" N | 39° 59' 0" E |
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There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.
0650 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2 (?)
| Episode 1 | Eruption | Harrat Lali | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0650 ± 50 years - Unknown | Evidence from Observations: Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Harrat Lali
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There is no Deformation History data available for Harrat Khaybar.
There is no Emissions History data available for Harrat Khaybar.
The 4,000 km2 Harrat Ithnayn volcanic field appears in the center of this Space Shuttle image with north to the upper right. Harrat Ithnayn contains scattered shield volcanoes and scoria cones that have produced extensive lava flows, some of which are less than 4,500 years old. Harrat Ithnayn merges with the larger Harrat Khaybar volcanic field to its south, the dark partially cloud-covered area at the lower left.
Harrat Khaybar, one of Saudi Arabia's largest volcanic fields, covers an area of more than 14,000 km2 to the N of Madinah (Medina). This Space Shuttle image shows the central vent area of the volcanic field. Light-colored areas at the center of the image show lava domes and tuff rings; above this area is Jabal Qidr volcano. The lava flows extending to the W from the central vent area are young prehistoric and historic. An eruption was reported in early Mohammedan times during the 7th century CE.
Light-colored lapilli deposits mantle the Jabal Bayda ("White Mountain") tuff cone; a lava dome is visible within the crater. Jabal Bayda and the Jabal Abyad lava dome (upper left) are part of the 14,000 km2 Harrat Khaybar volcanic field, located N of the city of Madinah (Medina). A 100-km-long N-S linear vent system in Harrat Khaybar contains lava domes, tuff rings, the Jabal Qidr stratovolcano, and numerous small basaltic cones.
The central area of the 14,000 km2 Harrat Khaybar volcanic field is shown in this December 2020 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 49 km across). This area contains tuff rings and maars from phreatomagmatic activity and scoria cones, with some more recent lava flows. The larger light-colored crater near the center is Jabal Bayda, and the cone that produced the black lava flows to the north is Jabal Qidr.Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.
There are no samples for Harrat Khaybar in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.
| Copernicus Browser | The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions. |
| MIROVA | Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity. |
| MODVOLC Thermal Alerts | Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales. |
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WOVOdat
Single Volcano View Temporal Evolution of Unrest Side by Side Volcanoes |
WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.
GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments. |
| Volcanic Hazard Maps | The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter. |
| IRIS seismic stations/networks | Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Harrat Khaybar. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice. |
| UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations | Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Harrat Khaybar. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player. |
| DECADE Data | The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere. |
| Large Eruptions of Harrat Khaybar | Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA). |
| EarthChem | EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS). |
