Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Nabukelevu.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Nabukelevu.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Nabukelevu.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Washington, Mount

Dome

805 m

19° 7' 0" S

177° 59' 0" E

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

245030

1660 CE

791 m / 2,595 ft

19.1181°S
177.9815°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Minor (Silicic)

Volcano Types
Lava dome(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Crustal thickness unknown

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

269
1,379
4,523
21,730

Geological Summary

The andesitic-to-dacitic Nabukelevu lava-dome complex occupies the SW end of Kadavu Island at the S end of the Fiji archipelago. The high point of the complex is Mt. Washington, an andesitic lava dome. Flat-lying dacitic lava flows are found at Cape Washington along the W coast and at Talaulia Bay on the NE coast. NNE-trending faults cut the complex in several locations and define its E boundary. The dome complex is cut by several collapse scarps, which were the source of debris avalanches that have incorporated human artifacts and remains. Debris avalanches have entered the sea on the both the N and S sides of the volcano. Onshore and offshore deposits as well as native legends indicate that several eruptions have occurred during the Holocene. Block-and-ash flows related to dome growth have occurred within the past few hundred years.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Cronin S J, Ferland M A, Terry J P, 2004. Nabukelevu volcano (Mt. Washington), Kadavu - a source of hitherto unknown volcanic hazard in Fiji. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 131: 371-396.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 3 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1660 ± 30 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Dome NW of summit

1660 ± 30 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Dome NW of summit

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome
- - - -	- - - -	Avalanche
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Blocks
- - - -	- - - -	Edifice Destroyed	Collapse/avalanche

0340 (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

West side of summit dome complex

0340 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at West side of summit dome complex

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria

0580 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Summit lava dome

0580 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Summit lava dome

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow	Uncertain
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Nabukelevu.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Nabukelevu.

Photo Gallery

The summit of Nabukelevu lies between the two clouds near the center of this NASA International Space Station image and is located at the SW end of Kadavu Island at the southern end of the Fiji archipelago. Debris avalanches from collapse of the Mt. Washington lava dome complex reached both the northern coast to the right of Cape Washington (the small peninsula at the upper left) and horseshoe-shaped Daviqele Bay (bottom center) and the south. Block-and-ash flows from dome growth and collapse have occurred within the past few hundred years.

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-7466, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

The Nabukelevu lava-dome complex formed at the SW end of Kadavu Island at the S end of the Fiji archipelago, and is shown in this May 2019 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 10 km across). The complex has produced several debris avalanche deposits through flank collapse and block-and-ash flow deposits from dome collapse.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Nabukelevu in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Nabukelevu. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Nabukelevu. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Nabukelevu

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).