Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Imun.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Imun.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Imun.

The Global Volcanism Program has no synonyms or subfeatures listed for Imun.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

261101

Pleistocene

1,503 m / 4,931 ft

2.156°N
98.934°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Minor

Volcano Types
Lava cone

Rock Types

Major
Dacite
Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

3,878
47,725
274,542
2,733,310

Geological Summary

Imun is a single small dacitic and/or rhyolitic cone south of Lake Toba with a youthful, undissected morphology. It is surrounded by and sits over Toba tuffs, and is considered to be of late-Pleistocene/Holocene age (Aldiss et al., 1983; Ryberg et al., 2016). Nukman and Moeck (2013, reproduced in Niasari, 2015) mapped it as Pleistocene. Imun lies along the Sumatra Fault, and magmatic processes in this region appear to be related to activity on this fault (Muksin et al., 2013).

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Aldiss D T, Whandoyo R, Ghazali S A, Kusyono, 1983. Geologic map of the Sidikalang and (part of) Sinabang quadrangles, Sumatra. Geol Res Devel Centre Indonesia, 1:250,000 scale map and 41 p text.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Muskin U, Bauer K, Haberland C, 2013. Seismic Vp and Vp/Vs structure of the geothermal area around Tarutung (North Sumatra, Indonesia) derived from local earthquake tomography. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 260, p. 27-42.

Niasari S W, 2015. Magnetotelluric Investigation of the Sipoholon Geothermal Field, Indonesia. Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin.

Nukman M, Moeck I, 2013. Structural controls on a geothermal system in the Tarutung Basin, North Central Sumatra. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 74: 86-96.

Ryberg T, Muksin U, Bauer K, 2016. Ambient seismic noise tomography reveals a hidden caldera and its relation to the Tarutung pull-apart basin at the Sumatra Fault Zone, Indonesia. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 321: 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.04.035

Eruptive History

The Global Volcanism Program is not aware of any Holocene eruptions from Imun. If this volcano has had large eruptions (VEI >= 4) prior to 12,000 years ago, information might be found on the Imun page in the LaMEVE (Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions) database, a part of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Imun.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Imun.

Photo Gallery

The small dark-green area below the center of this NASA Landsat image of NW Sumatra (with north to the top) is Imun volcano. This cone of uncertain age lies south of the renowned large caldera containing Lake Toba (top).

NASA Landsat 7 image (worldwind.arc.nasa.gov)

Imun volcano is the small darker green area in the center of this 16 June 2019 Sentinel-2 satellite image (N is at the top). The cone is around 20 km S of the eastern side of Toba caldera.

Satellite image courtesy of Copernicus Sentinel Data, 2019.

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Imun in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Imun. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Imun. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

Large Eruptions of Imun

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).