Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Ragang.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Ragang.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Ragang.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

271060

1916 CE

2,790 m / 9,154 ft

7.691°N
124.507°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

447
2,646
331,796
6,423,725

Geological Summary

The large Ragang stratovolcano, also called Piapayungan, is SE of Lake Lanao in central Mindanao. A crater about 5 km from the summit on the SW flank towards Latukan volcano is surrounded by mostly unvegetated volcanic material, including a lava flow extending 4 km S; this is likely from the 1916 eruption described by Maso (1917). Ragang is one of several dominantly basaltic volcanoes west of the cordillera in central Mindanao. Historical eruptions, many of which were at one time attributed to neighboring Makaturing volcano, have been recorded since 1765.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL), 1981. Catalogue of Philippine volcanoes and solfataric areas. Philippine Commission on Volcanology, compiled by B. Yambao and G.A. Andal, 87 p..

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Maso M S, 1917. Notes Concerning the Ragang Volcano and a Great Earthquake in South Mindanao. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 7:3, 119–121.

Neumann van Padang M, 1953. Philippine Islands and Cochin China. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 2: 1-49.

PHIVOLCS, 2018-. Volcanoes of the Philippines. https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines.

Sajona F G, Bellon H, Maury R C, Pubellier M, Cotten J, Rangin C, 1994. Magmatic response to abrupt changes in geodynamic settings: Pliocene-Quaternary calc-alkaline and Nb-enriched lavas from Mindanao, Philippines. Tectonophysics, 237: 47-72.

Sajona F G, Bellon H, Maury R C, Pubellier M, Querbral R D, Cotten J, Bayon F E, Pagado E, Pematian P, 1997. Tertiary and Quaternary magmatism in Mindanao and Leyte (Philippines): geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting. J Asian Earth Sci, 15: 121-153.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 8 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1916 Jul 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1916 Jul 16 ± 15 days - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Fumarolic or Solfataric	Uncertain

[ 1915 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1915 - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
	1915	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1873 Jan 16 - 1873 Apr Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1873 Jan 16 - 1873 Apr

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Property Damage	Uncertain
1873	- - - -	Fatalities	Uncertain
1873 Jan 16	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1871 Dec 8 (in or before) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1871 Dec 8 (in or before) - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1871 Dec 8 (in or before)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1858 Feb 18 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1858 Feb 18 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1858 Feb 18	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1856 Nov 1 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1856 Nov 1 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1856 Nov 1	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1840 Jan 20 - 1840 Apr 5 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1840 Jan 20 - 1840 Apr 5

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1840 Jan 20	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1834 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1834 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1834	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1756 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1756 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
	1765	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Ragang.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Ragang.

Photo Gallery

Ragang volcano in central Mindanao is in the center of this August 2019 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; this image is approximately 24 km across). Latukan is to the SW, past lava flows with visible levees and pressure ridges that appear to have erupted from flank vents.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2019 (https://www.planet.com/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Ragang in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Ragang. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Ragang. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Ragang

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).