Global Volcanism Program | San Pablo Volcanic Field

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for San Pablo Volcanic Field.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for San Pablo Volcanic Field.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for San Pablo Volcanic Field.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Laguna Volcanic Field

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Atimbia, Mount

Cone

14° 9' 4" N

121° 21' 50" E

Bayaquitos, Mount

Cone

14° 9' 29" N

121° 23' 38" E

Bubay, Mount

Cone

14° 5' 56" N

121° 14' 20" E

Bulalo, Mount

Cone

14° 5' 10" N

121° 13' 30" E

Imac Hill

Cone

14° 6' 50" N

121° 18' 14" E

Lagula, Mount

Cone

14° 7' 34" N

121° 19' 0" E

Mabilog, Mount

Cone

14° 8' 2" N

121° 21' 25" E

Maquiling
    Makiling
    Maquilan
    Mainit
    Isuan

Stratovolcano

1090 m

14° 8' 0" N

121° 12' 0" E

Mayondon Point

Cone

Mesa, Cerro de La

Tuff cone

Nagcarlang, Mount

Cone

14° 8' 56" N

121° 20' 35" E

Olila, Mount

Cone

14° 5' 0" N

121° 12' 47" E

Pansol
Panso

Cone

Tamlang, Mount

Cone

14° 5' 2" N

121° 14' 42" E

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Alligator Lake

Maar

Bunot, Lake

Maar

14° 4' 59" N

121° 20' 35" E

Calibato, Lake

Maar

14° 6' 18" N

121° 22' 37" E

Palacpaquen, Lake

Maar

14° 6' 40" N

121° 20' 17" E

Pandi, Lake

Maar

14° 6' 58" N

121° 22' 1" E

Sampaloc Lake

Maar

14° 4' 44" N

121° 20' 0" E

Yambo, Lake

Maar

14° 7' 16" N

121° 21' 54" E

Thermal

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Natugnos

Thermal

Pinagdalan

Thermal

Puting Lupa East

Thermal

Puting Lupa Southeast

Thermal

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

273060

1350 CE

1,090 m / 3,576 ft

14.12°N
121.3°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Cluster

Volcano Types
Volcanic field
Stratovolcano
Pyroclastic cone(s)
Maar(s)

Rock Types

Major
Trachyandesite / Basaltic Trachyandesite
Rhyolite
Trachyte / Trachydacite
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

1,349,742
1,349,742
3,039,334
24,626,975

Geological Summary

The San Pablo Volcanic Field, (also known as the Laguna Volcanic Field) lies at the southern end of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake on Luzon Island. The field contains dozens of scoria cones and maars. Three generations of maars are present, with the oldest being sediment-filled and the youngest containing deep lakes. Many of the maars are aligned along a NE-SW trend. Local legends suggest that the youngest maar, 1.2-km-wide Sampaloc Lake, was formed about 500-700 years ago. The high point of the field is the eroded Maquiling (Makiling) andesitic-to-rhyolitic stratovolcano, which has a deep crater whose floor is 480 m below its north rim. Maquiling has several cones, maars, and numerous thermal areas at its northern base; a geothermal project is located on the S flank.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Catane S G, Taniguchi H, Goto A, Givero A P, Mandanas A A, 2005. Explosive volcanism in the Philippines. CNEAS Monograph Ser, Tohoku Univ, 18: 1-146.

Commission on Volcanology (COMVOL), 1981. Catalogue of Philippine volcanoes and solfataric areas. Philippine Commission on Volcanology, compiled by B. Yambao and G.A. Andal, 87 p..

Defant M J, Maury R C, Ripley E M, Feigenson M D, Jacques D, 1991. An example of island-arc petrogenesis: geochemistry and petrology of the southern Luzon arc, Philippines. J Petr, 32: 455-500.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Neumann van Padang M, 1953. Philippine Islands and Cochin China. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 2: 1-49.

Wolfe J A, Self S, 1983. Structural lineaments and Neogene volcanism in southwestern Luzon. In: Hayes D E (ed) The Tectonic and Geological Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands: Part 2, Amer Geophys Union Monograph 27.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1350 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Sampaloc Lake

1350 ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Anthropology

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Sampaloc Lake

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for San Pablo Volcanic Field.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for San Pablo Volcanic Field.

Photo Gallery

Alligator Lake, along the southern shore of Laguna de Bay, is one of a group of dozens of maars and scoria cones forming the San Pablo volcanic field (also known as the Laguna volcanic field). Three generations of maars are present, the youngest of which contain deep lakes. Many of the maars are located along a NE-SW trend. Local legends indicate that the most recent eruption occurred about 500-700 years ago at Sampaloc Lake, 17 km SE of Alligator Lake.

Photo by Chris Newhall, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Local legends suggest that the latest eruption of the San Pablo volcanic field took place about 500-700 years ago, forming the Sampaloc Lake maar. This 1.2-km-wide maar, seen here from the S, is one of the largest of a group of 36 maars in the volcanic field.

Photo by Chris Newhall, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).

The forested Maquiling volcano (center) rises south of Laguna de Bay (top) and is the highest point of the San Pablo volcanic field. It has a deep crater whose floor is 480 m below its N rim and several cones, maars, and numerous thermal areas at its northern base, and other maars and scoria cones of the San Pablo volcanic field lie to the E. The prominent dark-colored maar along the shore of Laguna de Bay north of Maquiling is Alligator Lake.

NASA Landsat image, 2002 (courtesy of Hawaii Synergy Project, Univ. of Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology).

Lake-filled maars are common features of the San Pablo Volcanic Field at the southern end of the large Laguna de Bay (top). The monogenetic volcanic field contains a group of 42 scoria cones and 36 maars, the youngest of which contain deep lakes. The largest maar in this Landsat image is 1.2-km-wide Sampaloc Lake, immediately N of the city of San Pablo. Local legends suggest that this maar formed about 500-700 years ago. The forested volcano to the left is Maquiling.

NASA Landsat image, 2002 (courtesy of Hawaii Synergy Project, Univ. of Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for San Pablo Volcanic Field in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of San Pablo Volcanic Field. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of San Pablo Volcanic Field. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of San Pablo Volcanic Field

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).