Global Volcanism Program

Most Recent Weekly Report: 27 July-2 August 2022 Cite this Report

JMA lowered the Alert Level for Yufu-Tsurumi to 1 (on a scale of 1-5) on 27 July, noting that seismicity had decreased after the 8 July earthquake swarm; no volcanic earthquakes were recorded on 9 July and afterwards.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

Weekly Reports - Index

2022: July

27 July-2 August 2022 Cite this Report

JMA lowered the Alert Level for Yufu-Tsurumi to 1 (on a scale of 1-5) on 27 July, noting that seismicity had decreased after the 8 July earthquake swarm; no volcanic earthquakes were recorded on 9 July and afterwards.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

6 July-12 July 2022 Cite this Report

JMA reported that during 0247-0500 on 8 July the seismic network at Yufu-Tsurumi recorded 57 volcanic earthquakes with hypocenters 1-4 km beneath Garandake, a small lava dome on the N flank of the larger Tsurumidake lava dome at the E end of the complex. The Alert Level was raised to 2 (on a scale of 1-5) at 0510 and the public was warned to stay 1 km away from Garandake. A total of 92 volcanic earthquakes were recorded by 1100 on 8 July; no additional events were detected through 11 July.

Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Yufu-Tsurumi.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Takahira-yama

Cone

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Garandake

Dome

1045 m

33° 19' 3" N

131° 25' 39" E

Hyuuga-dake

Dome

1080 m

Imorigashiro

Dome

1061 m

Taihei-zan

Dome

792 m

Tsurumidake
Turumi-dake

Dome

1375 m

33° 17' 12" N

131° 25' 47" E

Uchi-yama
Uti-yama

Dome

1272 m

Yufudake
Yuhu-dake

Dome

1584 m

33° 16' 54" N

131° 23' 25" E

Thermal

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Beppu

Thermal

Bozu-jigoku

Thermal

Chinoike-jigoku

Thermal

Furo-sen

Thermal

Hachiman-jigoku

Thermal

Higashi-onsen

Thermal

Hijiri-yu

Thermal

Hotta

Thermal

Jizono-yu

Thermal

Kamado-jigoku

Thermal

Kamegawa

Thermal

Kannawa-jigoku

Thermal

Koya-jigoku

Thermal

Kwankaiji-onsen

Thermal

Myoban

Thermal

Reicho-sen

Thermal

Shibaseki

Thermal

Shibuno-yu

Thermal

Shin-Beppu

Thermal

Shino-yu

Thermal

Tsukahara

Thermal

Umi-jigoku

Thermal

Yufuin

Thermal

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

282130

867 CE

1,584 m / 5,197 ft

33.282°N
131.39°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Lava dome(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

28,543
139,722
709,942
7,767,905

Geological Summary

A group of lava domes rises above the hot spring resort city of Beppu on Japan's Inland Sea, possibly within an ancient breached caldera. Two large lava domes, Tsurumidake and Yufudake (the highest at 1,584 m), are located at the east and west sides of the complex, respectively. Three smaller lava domes are on the N flank of Tsurumidake, including Garandake. The latest activity at both the andesitic-to-dacitic Tsurumi and Yufu groups postdates the 6,300-year-old Akahoya ash from Kikai volcano. Pyroclastic flows dominated during older eruptions, whereas lava domes and lava flows are most common in more recent eruptions. An eruption about 2,200 years ago from Yufudake began with collapse of the N flank that produced a debris avalanche and was followed by lava dome growth and associated pyroclastic flows. The most recent known eruption was from Tsurumi in 867 CE, when there was explosive activity from the summit area. The colorful hot spring pools and mudpots of Beppu along the coast are a noted thermal area.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Fujisawa Y, Ueno H, Kobayashi T, 2001. 2.2 ka eruption study on the emplacement temperature of pyroclastic deposits of Yufu volcano, Japan. Bull Volc Soc Japan (Kazan), 46: 187-203 (in Japanese with English abs).

Honma F, 1926. Beppu, the Hot-Spring City. Pan-Pacific Sci Cong Guidebook Excur, E-1.5: 1-16.

Japan Meteorological Agency, 1975. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan. Tokyo: Japan Meteorological Agency, 119 p (in Japanese).

Japan Meteorological Agency, 1996. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan (second edition). Tokyo: Japan Meteorological Agency, 502 p (in Japanese).

Japan Meteorological Agency, 2013. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan (fourth edition, English version). Japan Meteorological Agency.

Kuno H, 1962. Japan, Taiwan and Marianas. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 11: 1-332.

Nakano S, Yamamoto T, Iwaya T, Itoh J, Takada A, 2001-. Quaternary Volcanoes of Japan. Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/strata/VOL_JP/.

Ohta T, Hasenaka T, Fujimaki H, 1990. Geology and petrography of Yufu-Tsurumi volcano group, Oita Prefecture. J Min Petr Econ Geol, 85: 113-129 (in Japanese with English abs).

Saito T, Kamata H, Ishikawa N, 2000. Lithofacies and thermoremanent magnetism of the Ikeshiro pyroclastic-flow deposit and the Ikeshiro-Hokubu volcaniclastic deposit in the Yufu-Tsurumi volcano group. Bull Volc Soc Japan (Kazan), 45: 217-224 (in Japanese with English abs).

Yamasaki T, Hayashi M, 1976. Geologic background of Otake and other geothermal areas in north-central Kyushu, southwestern Japan. In: Proc 2nd United Nations Symp Devel Use Geotherm Resour, San Francisco, Washington D C: U S Government Printing Office, 1: 673-684.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 3 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0867 Mar 4 - 0867 May 4 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

0867 Mar 4 - 0867 May 4 ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 8 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Blocks
- - - -	- - - -	Audible Sounds
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)
- - - -	- - - -	Fauna Kill	Aquatic.
- - - -	- - - -	Property Damage
0867 Mar 4	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

0771 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0

Episode 1 | Eruption

0771 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome
	0771	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

0200 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 4

Episode 1 | Eruption

Yufu-dake summit and N flank (Ikeshiro)

0200 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Yufu-dake summit and N flank (Ikeshiro)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome
- - - -	- - - -	Avalanche
- - - -	- - - -	Edifice Destroyed	Collapse/avalanche
0200 BCE ± 50 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Yufu-Tsurumi.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Yufu-Tsurumi.

Photo Gallery

Chino-ike is one of the most colorful of the Jigoku, or "Hells," in the Beppu thermal area of Tsurumi volcano on the Japanese island of Kyushu. Steam rises above the iron-stained, vermillion hot-spring pool. Other pools in the Beppu area are milky, light blue, greenish blue, or indigo blue.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1981.

Mudpots are a common feature of the Beppu thermal area on the flanks of Tsurumi volcano on the island of Kyushu. Beppu is one of Japan's most noted thermal areas, containing hot spring pools of varying water color, hot beach sands, and many hot spring resorts.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1981.

Steam clouds almost obscure the famous hot-spring city of Beppu, along the east flank of Tsurumi volcano. The colorful hot-spring pools and mudpots of Beppu, located along the shores of the scenic Inland Sea, form one of Japan's most noted thermal areas. The Tsurumi complex consists of two large domes, Tsurumi and Yufu, and three smaller domes on the north flank of Tsurumi. The largest dome, Yufu-dake rises to the west. A single eruption, from Tsurumi in 867 CE, is known in historical time.

Copyrighted photo by Katia and Maurice Krafft, 1981.

Yufudake, the westernmost of the two large lava dome complexes of Tsurumi volcano, rises to the NE of the city of Yufu in northern Kyushu. Three smaller lava domes are located on the N flank of the eastern dome. A historical eruption occurred in 867 CE.

Photo by Yukio Hayakawa, 1994 (Gunma University).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Yufu-Tsurumi in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Yufu-Tsurumi. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Yufu-Tsurumi. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Yufu-Tsurumi

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).