Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Norikuradake.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Norikuradake.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Norikuradake.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Norikura

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Eboshi-dake

Cone

2700 m

Enko-dake

Cone

2823 m

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Gongen-ike

Crater

Gono-ike

Crater

Ichino-ike
Itino-ike

Crater

3026 m

Kamega-ike

Crater

Kamega-ike

Crater

2823 m

Kiezu-ike

Crater

Marishiten

Crater

Oonyu-ike

Crater

Tsuruga-ike
Turuga-ike

Crater

2760 m

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Yotsuga-take
Yotuga-take

Dome

2745 m

Thermal

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Norikura Kogen Hot Springs

Hot Spring

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

283060

50 BCE

3,026 m / 9,928 ft

36.106°N
137.554°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano(es)
Lava dome

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

250
1,616
109,638
5,057,979

Geological Summary

Norikuradake volcano consists of an elongated group of small andesitic stratovolcanoes and craters arranged along a N-S line above a ridge crest in the southern part of the Northern Japan Alps. The 3026-m-high andesitic-to-dacitic volcano is the third highest in Japan and lies at the center of the Norikura volcanic zone extending from Yakedake on the north to Ontake on the south. Early eruptions occurred at both the northern and southern ends of the present-day volcano, forming stratovolcanoes that have been largely buried by later southward-migrating eruptions. It was active during the early Holocene, and the last eruption took place about 2000 years ago.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Fujita K, Ogawa Y, Ichiki M, Yamaguchi S, Makino Y, 1999. Audio frequency magneto-telluric survey of Norikura volcano in central Japan. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 90: 209-217.

Japan Meteorological Agency, 1996. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan (second edition). Tokyo: Japan Meteorological Agency, 502 p (in Japanese).

Japan Meteorological Agency, 2013. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan (fourth edition, English version). Japan Meteorological Agency.

Kudo T, Hoshizumi H, 2006-. Catalog of eruptive events within the last 10,000 years in Japan, database of Japanese active volcanoes. Geol Surv Japan, AIST, https://gbank.gsj.jp/volcano/index_e.htm.

Kuno H, 1962. Japan, Taiwan and Marianas. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 11: 1-332.

Nakano S, Yamamoto T, Iwaya T, Itoh J, Takada A, 2001-. Quaternary Volcanoes of Japan. Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/strata/VOL_JP/.

Okuno M, Nakamura T, Moriya I, Hayakawa Y, 1994. Radiocarbon ages of wood charcoal just below the Kuraigahara tephra from Norikura-dake volcano, central Japan. Bull Nagoya Univ Furukawa Museum, 10: 71-77 (in Japanese with English abs).

Eruptive History

There is data available for 3 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0050 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

0050 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
0050 BCE (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

7250 BCE ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

Ichino-ike, Kuraigahara tephra

7250 BCE ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Ichino-ike, Kuraigahara tephra

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria
7250 BCE ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

7700 BCE ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

Kengamine

7700 BCE ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Kengamine

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
7700 BCE ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Norikuradake.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Norikuradake.

Photo Gallery

The summit of Ontake is shown here with the Northern Japan Alps on the horizon. Norikura, another Holocene volcano, forms the broad massif in the mid-distance. Ontake is constructed within a largely buried 4 x 5 km caldera. Ichinoike in the foreground is one of a series of small craters at the broad summit.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1988 (Smithsonian Institution).

The summit of Norikura contains many small peaks and craters. The E (right) side of Enkodake (center) contains Kamegaike crater. Tsurugaike crater contains the pond in the center of the photo. The latest activity occurred during the Holocene and a recent eruption took place at the summit crater of Ichinoike.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1977 (Smithsonian Institution).

Ebisudake lava dome in the background and Tsurugaike crater lake at the lower right are part of the summit complex of the Norikura volcano in central Honshu.

Photo by Ichio Moriya (Kanazawa University).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

The following 3 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.

Catalog Number	Sample Description	Lava Source	Collection Date
NMNH 113864	Andesite	--	--
NMNH 113865	Scoria	--	--
NMNH 113866	Hornblende Andesite	--	--

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Norikuradake. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Norikuradake. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Norikuradake

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).