Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Harunasan.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Harunasan.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Harunasan.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Haruna

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Haruna-Fuji

Cone

1391 m

36° 28' 26" N

138° 52' 53" E

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Futatsudake

Dome

1343 m

36° 29' 0" N

138° 55' 0" E

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

283122

550 CE

1,449 m / 4,754 ft

36.477°N
138.851°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Caldera
Lava dome(s)
Pyroclastic cone

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

1,135
36,116
1,185,012
14,076,385

Geological Summary

Harunasan volcano is truncated by a small summit caldera containing the symmetrical post-caldera pyroclastic cone of Haruna-Fuji. Harunasan volcano dates back prior to 300,000 years ago and had caldera-producing eruptions at about 200,000 and 40,000 years ago. Viscous lava flows and lava domes were subsequently extruded within and around the caldera, the western side of which is currently partially filled by Lake Haruna. The Futatsudake lava dome east of the caldera was the source of two large explosive eruptions during the 6th century CE.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Hayakawa Y, Soda T, Arai F, 1993. Asama and Haruna volcanoes: recent eruptions and hazards. Climatic impact of explosive volc conf, Tokyo, Dec 3-4, 1993, 28 p guidebook.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Japan Meteorological Agency, 1996. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan (second edition). Tokyo: Japan Meteorological Agency, 502 p (in Japanese).

Japan Meteorological Agency, 2013. National Catalogue of the Active Volcanoes in Japan (fourth edition, English version). Japan Meteorological Agency.

Machida H, Arai F, 1992. Atlas of tephra in and around Japan. Tokyo: Univ Tokyo Press, 276 p.

Nakano S, Yamamoto T, Iwaya T, Itoh J, Takada A, 2001-. Quaternary Volcanoes of Japan. Geol Surv Japan, AIST, http://www.aist.go.jp/RIODB/strata/VOL_JP/.

Ono K, Soya T, Mimura K, 1981. Volcanoes of Japan. Geol Surv Japan Map Ser, no 11, 2nd edition, 1:2,000,000.

Suzuki T, 1996. Discharge rates of fallout tephra and frequency of plinian eruptions during the last 400,000 years in the southern Northeast Japan arc. Quat Internatl, 34-36: 79-87.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 3 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0550 Jun 1 ± 10 years ± 30 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5

Episode 1 | Eruption

Futatsu-dake

0550 Jun 1 ± 10 years ± 30 days - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Anthropology

List of 8 Events for Episode 1 at Futatsu-dake

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	violent, strong, or large
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Pumice
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
- - - -	- - - -	Property Damage
0550 Jun 1 ± 10 years ± 30 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

0520 Jun 1 ± 10 years ± 30 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 4

Episode 1 | Eruption

Futatsu-dake

0520 Jun 1 ± 10 years ± 30 days - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Anthropology

List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Futatsu-dake

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	violent, strong, or large
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
- - - -	- - - -	Property Damage
0520 Jun 1 ± 10 years ± 30 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

0450 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

Futatsu-dake

0450 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Futatsu-dake

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Pumice
0450 ± 50 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Harunasan.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Harunasan.

Photo Gallery

Harunasan has a small summit caldera containing Haruna-Fuji cone (right). Viscous lava flows and lava domes have formed within and around the caldera. Its western side is currently filled by Lake Haruna, which is visible to the left of the cone. The Futatsudake lava dome, outside the caldera to the E, was the source of two large explosive eruptions during the 6th century CE. This view from the NE also shows a plume emanating from Asamayama on the distant horizon above Lake Haruna.

Photo by Ichio Moriya (Kanazawa University).

Harunasan volcano has an irregular profile, seen here from an archaeological site to the ENE. The peak to the left-center is Futatsudake lava dome, the source of two large explosive eruptions during the 5th and 6th centuries. Tephra layers from both Harunasan and Asamayama buried structures at the archaeological site.

Photo by Tom Simkin, 1993 (Smithsonian Institution).

The summit of Harunasan is seen here from near Maebashi City, SE of the volcano. It contains a caldera and lava domes inside the caldera and on its rim and flanks. Futatsudake, the peak to the right, was the source of two major explosive eruptions during the 5th and 6th centuries.

Photo by Tom Simkin, 1993 (Smithsonian Institution).

Haruna-Fuji is a cone of Harunasan, seen here above Lake Haruna in the W side of the caldera. The Futatsudake lava dome to the E was the source of two large explosive eruptions during the 6th century CE.

Photo by Yukio Hayakawa, 1998 (Gunma University).

Harunasan volcano is seen here from Gunma University in the city of Maebashi to the SE. A small caldera is at the summit along with several cones and lava domes that have formed within it. Two major explosive eruptions originated from the Futatsudake lava dome on the eastern side of the volcano during the 6th century.

Photo by Yukio Hayakawa, 1998 (Gunma University).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Harunasan in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Harunasan. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Harunasan. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Harunasan

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).