Global Volcanism Program

Most Recent Weekly Report: 26 August-1 September 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, SVERT reported that on 26 August a gas-and-steam plume possibly containing ash rose from Berg (part of the Kolokol Group of volcanoes) to an altitude greater than 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.

Source: Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT)

Most Recent Bulletin Report: April 1987 (SEAN 12:04) Cite this Report

Weak gas emission from the Berg and Trezubetz domes

Weak gas emission from the extrusive domes at Berg and Trezubetz was noted during a 6 November overflight. Five explosive eruptions and one dome-building episode are known between 1845 and 1970.

Information Contacts: G. Steinberg and B. Piskunov, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Weekly Reports - Index

2009: August

26 August-1 September 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, SVERT reported that on 26 August a gas-and-steam plume possibly containing ash rose from Berg (part of the Kolokol Group of volcanoes) to an altitude greater than 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.

Source: Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team (SVERT)

Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

12/1981 (SEAN 06:12) Weak gas release from the Berg and Trezubetz summit domes

04/1987 (SEAN 12:04) Weak gas emission from the Berg and Trezubetz domes

Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)

December 1981 (SEAN 06:12) Cite this Report

Weak gas release from the Berg and Trezubetz summit domes

Very weak gas emission was occurring from the summits of extrusive domes at both Berg and Trezubetz during the 20 September 1981 flight.

Information Contacts: G. Steinberg, Sakhalin Complex Institute.

April 1987 (SEAN 12:04) Cite this Report

Weak gas emission from the Berg and Trezubetz domes

Weak gas emission from the extrusive domes at Berg and Trezubetz was noted during a 6 November overflight. Five explosive eruptions and one dome-building episode are known between 1845 and 1970.

Information Contacts: G. Steinberg and B. Piskunov, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Berg

Somma

970 m

46° 3' 39" N

150° 4' 1" E

Borzov

Cone

1122 m

46° 2' 8" N

150° 2' 25" E

Kolokol
Uruppu Fudzi
Urup-Fuji

Stratovolcano

1305 m

46° 2' 37" N

150° 2' 55" E

Trezubetz
    Dzigoku
    Jigoku Yama
    Zigoku

Somma

967 m

46° 4' 1" N

150° 6' 13" E

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

290120

1973 CE

1,328 m / 4,357 ft

46.042°N
150.083°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Intermediate crust (15-25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

2
2
128
375

Geological Summary

A group of Holocene volcanoes in central Urup Island is named after its most prominent volcano, Kolokol. Berg and Trezubetz volcanoes, flanking Kolokol on the NW, have breached summit calderas partially filled by lava domes. Trezubetz, whose name means "Trident," has an eroded crater rim with three large peaks when seen at sea from the north. Kolokol is sometimes known as Urup-Fuji because of its symmetrical profile. The crater of Kolokol is not well preserved, but there is no evidence of glacial erosion. Several lava flows originate from Kolokol; one of these extends almost to the Sea of Okhotsk coast; a viscous lava flow armoring the SE flank is probably the most recent. Borzov volcano, the oldest of the group, lies to the SW of Kolokol. Eruptions have been observed since the late-18th century. Berg volcano has been most active, but Trezubetz erupted in 1924.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Gorshkov G S, 1958. Kurile Islands. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 7: 1-99.

Gorshkov G S, 1970. Volcanism and the Upper Mantle; Investigations in the Kurile Island Arc. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp, 385 p.

Volcanological Society of Japan, 1960-96. Bull Volc Eruptions, no 1-33. [Annual reports issued 1 to 3 years after event year, published since 1986 in Bull Volcanol].

Eruptive History

There is data available for 9 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 2009 Aug 26 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

2009 Aug 26 - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain
- - - -	- - - -	Ash	Uncertain
2009 Aug 26	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 2005 Jul 2 ± 182 days ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

2005 Jul 2 ± 182 days - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity	Uncertain
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)
2005	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1973 Jul 25 - 1973 Jul 26 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg (northern part of lava dome)

1973 Jul 25 - 1973 Jul 26 (?)

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Berg (northern part of lava dome)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	weak or small
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1973 Jul 25	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1970 Feb 16 ± 15 days - 1970 Mar 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 3

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

1970 Feb 16 ± 15 days - 1970 Mar 16 ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1970 Mar 1 ± 30 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 3.

1952 Jan 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

1952 Jan 15 ± 45 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash	moderate
1952 Jan 15 ± 45 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1946 Apr 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

1946 Apr 15 ± 45 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	weak or small
	1946 Apr 15 ± 45 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1940 ± 6 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

1940 ± 6 years - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava dome

1924 Mar 13 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

Trezubetz

1924 Mar 13 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Trezubetz

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Crater	Parasitic.
1924 Mar 13	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1894 Jul 25 - 1894 Jul 26 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg ?

1894 Jul 25 - 1894 Jul 26

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Berg ?

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1894 Jul 25	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1845 - 1846 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Berg

1845 - 1846

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Berg

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1845	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1780 ± 10 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

1780 ± 10 years - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 1 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	1780 ± 10 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Kolokol Group.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Kolokol Group.

Photo Gallery

Berg volcano, seen here from the SE, is part of a closely spaced group of Holocene volcanoes in central Urup Island that is named after the most prominent cone, Kolokol. Berg has a 2-km-wide caldera that opens towards the NW and contains a large lava dome which was the most recently active of the group when this photo was taken in 1990. A small plume rises from an explosion crater on the NW side of the 250-m-high lava dome and a crater (center) is visible on the southern side. Eruptions have been documented since the late-18th century.

Photo by A. Samoluk, 1990 (courtesy of Genrich Steinberg, Institute for Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).

A lava dome partially fills the summit caldera of Berg, with Kolokol in the background to the S. They are part of a group of Holocene volcanoes in central Urup Island that is named after the most prominent cone.

Photo courtesy of Alexandr Rybin (Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Yuzhno-Sakhalin).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

The following 1 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.

Catalog Number	Sample Description	Lava Source	Collection Date
NMNH 117640-2	Andesite	--	--

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Kolokol Group. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Kolokol Group. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Kolokol Group

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).