Global Volcanism Program

Ebeko

Google Earth Placemark with Features

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Russia
Kuril Volcanic Arc
Composite | Stratovolcano
2024 CE

Country
Volcanic Region
Landform | Volc Type
Last Known Eruption

50.686°N
156.014°E
1,103 m
3,619 ft
290380

Latitude
Longitude
Summit
Elevation
Volcano
Number

Most Recent Weekly Report: 30 October-5 November 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 24-31 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 25 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.0 km (~6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Most Recent Bulletin Report: June 2023 (BGVN 48:06) Cite this Report

Continued explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall during October 2022-May 2023

Ebeko, located on the N end of Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands, consists of three summit craters along a SSW-NNE line at the northern end of a complex of five volcanic cones. Eruptions date back to the late 18th century and have been characterized as small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, accompanied by intense fumarolic activity. The current eruption period began in June 2022 and has recently consisted of frequent explosions, ash plumes, and thermal activity (BGVN 47:10). This report covers similar activity during October 2022 through May 2023, based on information from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT) and satellite data.

Activity during October consisted of explosive activity, ash plumes, and occasional thermal anomalies. Visual data by volcanologists from Severo-Kurilsk showed explosions producing ash clouds up to 2.1-3 km altitude which drifted E, N, NE, and SE during 1-8, 10, 16, and 18 October. KVERT issued several Volcano Observatory Notices for Aviation (VONA) on 7, 13-15, and 27 October 2022, stating that explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 2.3-4 km altitude and drifted 5 km E, NE, and SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) on 7 and 13 October. Satellite data showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano on 15-16 October. Visual data showed ash plumes rising to 2.5-3.6 km altitude on 22, 25-29, and 31 October and moving NE due to constant explosions.

Similar activity continued during November, with explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall occurring. KVERT issued VONAs on 1-2, 4, 6-7, 9, 13, and 16 November that reported explosions and resulting ash plumes that rose to 1.7-3.6 km altitude and drifted 3-5 km SE, ESE, E, and NE. On 1 November ash plumes extended as far as 110 km SE. On 5, 8, 12, and 24-25 November explosions and ash plumes rose to 2-3.1 km altitude and drifted N and E. Ashfall was observed in Severo-Kurilsk on 7 and 16 November. A thermal anomaly was visible during 1-4, 16, and 20 November. Explosions during 26 November rose as high as 2.7 km altitude and drifted NE (figure 45).

Figure 45. Photo of an ash plume rising to 2.7 km altitude above Ebeko on 26 November 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Photo by L. Kotenko, IVS FEB RAS.

Explosions and ash plumes continued to occur in December. During 1-2 and 4 December volcanologists from Severo-Kurilsk observed explosions that sent ash to 1.9-2.5 km altitude and drifted NE and SE (figure 46). VONAs were issued on 5, 9, and 16 December reporting that explosions generated ash plumes rising to 1.9 km, 2.6 km, and 2.4 km altitude and drifted 5 km SE, E, and NE, respectively. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite imagery on 16 December. On 18 and 27-28 December explosions produced ash plumes that rose to 2.5 km altitude and drifted NE and SE. On 31 December an ash plume rose to 2 km altitude and drifted NE.

Figure 46. Photo of an explosive event at Ebeko at 1109 on 2 December 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Photo by S. Lakomov, IVS FEB RAS.

Explosions continued during January 2023, based on visual observations by volcanologists from Severo-Kurilsk. During 1-7 January explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 4 km altitude and drifted NE, E, W, and SE. According to VONAs issued by KVERT on 2, 4, 10, and 23 January, explosions produced ash plumes that rose to 2-4 km altitude and drifted 5 km N, NE, E, and ENE; the ash plume that rose to 4 km altitude occurred on 10 January (figure 47). Satellite data showed a thermal anomaly during 3-4, 10, 13, 16, 21, 22, and 31 January. KVERT reported that an ash cloud on 4 January moved 12 km NE. On 6 and 9-11 January explosions sent ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude and drifted W and ESE. On 13 January an ash plume rose to 3 km altitude and drifted SE. During 20-24 January ash plumes from explosions rose to 3.7 km altitude and drifted SE, N, and NE. On 21 January the ash plume drifted as far as 40 km NE. During 28-29 and 31 January and 1 February ash plumes rose to 4 km altitude and drifted NE.

Figure 47. Photo of a strong ash plume rising to 4 km altitude from an explosive event on 10 January 2023 (local time). Photo by L. Kotenko, IVS FEB RAS.

During February, explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall were reported. During 1, 4-5 and 7-8 February explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 4.5 km altitude and drifted E and NE; ashfall was observed on 5 and 8 February. On 6 February an explosion produced an ash plume that rose to 3 km altitude and drifted 7 km E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite data on 8, 9, 13, and 21 February. Explosions on 9 and 12-13 February produced ash plumes that rose to 4 km altitude and drifted E and NE; the ash cloud on 12 February extended as far as 45 km E. On 22 February explosions sent ash to 3 km altitude that drifted E. During 24 and 26-27 February ash plumes rose to 4 km altitude and drifted E. On 28 February an explosion sent ash to 2.5-3 km altitude and drifted 5 km E; ashfall was observed in Severo-Kurilsk.

Activity continued during March; visual observations showed that explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3.6 km altitude on 3, 5-7, and 9-12 March and drifted E, NE, and NW. Thermal anomalies were visible on 10, 13, and 29-30 March in satellite imagery. On 18, 21-23, 26, and 29-30 March explosions produced ash plumes that rose to 2.8 km altitude and drifted NE and E; the ash plumes during 22-23 March extended up to 76 km E. A VONA issued on 21 March reported an explosion that produced an ash plume that rose to 2.8 km altitude and drifted 5 km E. Another VONA issued on 23 March reported that satellite data showed an ash plume rising to 3 km altitude and drifted 14 km E.

Explosions during April continued to generate ash plumes. On 1 and 4 April an ash plume rose to 2.8-3.5 km altitude and drifted SE and NE. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite imagery during 1-6 April. Satellite data showed ash plumes and clouds rising to 2-3 km altitude and drifting up to 12 km SW and E on 3 and 6 April (figure 48). KVERT issued VONAs on 3, 5, 14, 16 April describing explosions that produced ash plumes rising to 3 km, 3.5 km, 3.5 km, and 3 km altitude and drifting 5 km S, 5 km NE and SE, 72 km NNE, and 5 km NE, respectively. According to satellite data, the resulting ash cloud from the explosion on 14 April was 25 x 7 km in size and drifted 72-104 km NNE during 14-15 April. According to visual data by volcanologists from Severo-Kurilsk explosions sent ash up to 3.5 km altitude that drifted NE and E during 15-16, 22, 25-26, and 29 April.

Figure 48. Photo of an ash cloud rising to 3.5 km altitude at Ebeko on 6 April 2023. The cloud extended up to 12 km SW and E. Photo has been color corrected. Photo by L. Kotenko, IVS FEB RAS.

The explosive eruption continued during May. Explosions during 3-4, 6-7, and 9-10 May generated ash plumes that rose to 4 km altitude and drifted SW and E. Satellite data showed a thermal anomaly on 3, 9, 13-14, and 24 May. During 12-16, 23-25, and 27-28 May ash plumes rose to 3.5 km altitude and drifted in different directions due to explosions. Two VONA notices were issued on 16 and 25 May, describing explosions that generated ash plumes rising to 3 km and 3.5 km altitude, respectively and extending 5 km E. The ash cloud on 25 May drifted 75 km SE.

Thermal activity in the summit crater, occasionally accompanied by ash plumes and ash deposits on the SE and E flanks due to frequent explosions, were visible in infrared and true color satellite images (figure 49).

Figure 49. Infrared (bands B12, B11, B4) and true color satellite images of Ebeko showing occasional small thermal anomalies at the summit crater on 4 October 2022 (top left), 30 April 2023 (bottom left), and 27 May 2023 (bottom right). On 1 November (top right) ash deposits (light-to-dark gray) were visible on the SE flank. An ash plume drifted NE on 30 April, and ash deposits were also visible to the E on both 30 April and 27 May. Courtesy of Copernicus Browser.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Copernicus Browser, Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, European Space Agency (URL: https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/browser/).

Weekly Reports - Index

30 October-5 November 2024 Cite this Report

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 October-29 October 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 17-24 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 20 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 October-22 October 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 11-17 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 16-17 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 15 October; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 October-15 October 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-10 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 4 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 4 October; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 October-8 October 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 26 September-4 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), the volcano was quiet or obscured by weather clouds. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 September-1 October 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 19-26 September. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 19, 21, and 24-25 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 23 and 26 September; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 September-24 September 2024 Cite this Report

Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 12-19 September. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 12, 14-17, and 19 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, N, and NE. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 September-17 September 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 6-12 September. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 5-9 and 11-12 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, and E. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 September-10 September 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 29 August-6 Septrmber. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 2-5 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 August-3 September 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 22-29 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 22 and 26-28 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE, NE, and NW. Satellite data indicated that either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 August-27 August 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 15-22 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions throughout the week generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 17 August; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 August-20 August 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 8-15 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 14-15 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. On other days either no activity was observed in satellite images or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 August-13 August 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 1-8 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 4-6 and 8 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 5 August; on other days either no activity was observed, or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 July-6 August 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity continued at Ebeko during 25 July-1 August. Webcam images captured explosions between 26 and 29 July, as well as on 1 August, which generated ash plumes that rose to 3 km a.s.l., drifting SE from 26 to 28 July and NE on 29 July and 1 August. A thermal anomaly was observed over the volcano on 26 July in satellite images analyzed by KVERT; weather clouds prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 July-30 July 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 18-25 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 19-20 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, E, and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images those same days; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 July-23 July 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 11-18 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 15-18 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E, NE, and S. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 18 July; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 July-16 July 2024 Cite this Report

The Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-11 July. Webcam images showed explosions on 5 and 7 July that generated ash plumes that rose about 1.9 km above the summit (to 3 km a.s.l.); satellite data confirmed the ash plume drifted as far as 30 km NE. A thermal anomaly was observed over the volcano during 5-7 July in satellite images analyzed by KVERT; weather clouds prevented views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are reported in UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 July-9 July 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 27 June-4 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 28-30 June and 4 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 28-29 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 June-2 July 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 21-27 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 25 and 27 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and SE. Thermal anomalies was identified in satellite images during 20-22, 24, and 27 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 June-25 June 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 13-21 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), an explosion on 14 June generated an ash plume that rose as high as 1 km (3,300 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 28 and 20 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 June-18 June 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 6-13 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 7 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 7 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 June-11 June 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 30 May-6 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 31 May and 1-2 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 30 May, 1 June, and 3 June; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 May-4 June 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 23-30 May. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 30 May; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 May-28 May 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 17-23 May According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 17 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 17 and 22 May; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 May-21 May 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 10-17 May According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 13-14 and 16 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 16 May; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 May-14 May 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 3-10 May According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 2 and 6 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 3 and 6 May; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 May-7 May 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 25 April-3 May According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 27-28 and 30 April, and 1-2 May, generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, SE, and NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 30 April; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 April-30 April 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 18-25 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 22-25 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SE, and NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 22-24 April; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 April-23 April 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 11-18 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 12-17 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, SE, and E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 13 and 16-17 April; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 April-16 April 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-11 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 6-8 and 11 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, NE, and E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 6, 9, and 11 April; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 April-9 April 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 28 March-4 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 28-29 March and 1 and 3-4 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 29 March and 4 April; on other days there was no activity or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 March-2 April 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 21-28 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 22-24 and 27-28 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 23 March; on other days either no activity was observed or weather conditions prevented views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 March-26 March 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 14-21 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), during 20-21 March explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. On other days the volcano was quiet, or weather clouds prevented satellite views. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 March-19 March 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 8-14 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 12 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk that same day. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 March-12 March 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 29 February-6 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 29 February and 1 and 6 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, E, and SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 6 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 February-5 March 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 22-29 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 26-27 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 26 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 February-27 February 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 15-22 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 16 and 18-20 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted E and NW. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 18-19 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 February-20 February 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 8-15 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 8 and 11-15 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 15 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 February-13 February 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity continued at Ebeko during 1-8 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, approximately 7 km E), explosions ejected ash as high as 4.5 km a.s.l during 5-6, and 8 February; ash plumes drifted SE and E. Satellite data acquired by KVERT showed the ash plume produced on 6 February extended as far as 11 km SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third color on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 January-6 February 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 25 January-1 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 29 January and 1 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l and drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 January-30 January 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 18-25 January. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 21-22 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l and drifted NE and W. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 January-23 January 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 11-18 January. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 12 and 17-18 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted NE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 January-16 January 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 4-11 January. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 6, 8, and 9 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted SE and NW. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 January-9 January 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 28 December 2023-4 January 2024. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 30-31 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 December-2 January 2024 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 21-28 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 22-23 and 25-26 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 December-26 December 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 14-21 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 18-21 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted SE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 December-19 December 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity was ongoing at Ebeko during 7-14 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 7 and 11-12 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 December-12 December 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 1-7 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during the week generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l and drifted E, NE, and N. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 November-21 November 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 10-16 November. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 13 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 November-14 November 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 8-14 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 November-7 November 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 26 October-2 November. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 28 October; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 October-31 October 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 19-26 October. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are UTC; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 October-24 October 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 13-20 October. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 14 October; weather clouds obscured views on other days. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 14 and 19 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 October-10 October 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 28 September-5 October. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 30 September and 2 October; weather clouds obscured views on other days. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 4 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 September-3 October 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 21-28 September. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 22, 24, and 27-28 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 22 and 28 September; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 September-26 September 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 14-21 September. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 14-18 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 15 and 18 September; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 September-19 September 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 7-14 September. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 9-11 September; weather clouds obscured views on other days. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 10-11 and 13-14 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 September-12 September 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 31 August-7 September. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 31 August and 2-5 September generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 4-5 September; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 August-5 September 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 24-31 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 27-31 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 27 and 29-30 August; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 August-29 August 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 17-24 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 19-22 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 21 August; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 August-22 August 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 10-17 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 11-14 and 16 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the S and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 11 and 13-15 August; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 August-15 August 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 3-10 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 5-6 and 8-9 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the S and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 6-9 August; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 August-8 August 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 27 July-3 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 27 July and 2-3 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the NE and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 29 July; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 July-1 August 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 20-27 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and E. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 24-26 July; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 July-25 July 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate explosive activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 13-20 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 17-19 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the NW and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images on 17 and 19 July; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 July-18 July 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 6-13 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 8-13 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the E and SE. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 9 and 11-13 July; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 July-11 July 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 29 June-6 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions on 4 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km (7,200 ft) a.s.l and drifted to the NW. On 4 and 6 July thermal anomalies were observed in satellite images; weather clouds obscured views on other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 June-27 June 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 15-22 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 16-17, 20, and 22 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 22 June; weather clouds obscured views on the other days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 June-20 June 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 8-15 June. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images throughout the week. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), explosions during 8-9 and 11-13 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted both NE and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 June-13 June 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 1-8 June. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 2, 4, and 7-8 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 5-8 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 May-6 June 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 25 May-1 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 25 and 27-28 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 26 May and 1 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 May-30 May 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 18-25 May. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 23-25 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SE, and E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 24 May and ash plumes were visible drifting 75 km SE on 25 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 May-23 May 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 11-18 May. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 12-16 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 13-14 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 May-16 May 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 4-11 May. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 4, 6-7, and 9-10 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 9 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 May-9 May 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 27 April-4 May. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 3 May. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 3-4 May generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 April-2 May 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 20-27 April and a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 20 and 26 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) and satellite data explosions during 22 and 25-26 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 April-25 April 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 13-20 April and a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 14-15 April. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E), and satellite data, explosions during 14-16 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 104 km NE. Weather clouds prevented satellite views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 April-18 April 2023 Cite this Report

According to the Tokyo VAAC a possible ash plume at Ebeko was visible in a satellite image at 0920 on 14 April rising to 2.4 (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. The plume had dissipated by 1120. Another plume from a possible eruption was identified in satellite images at 1300, rising to 3.7 (12,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting N. The plume was no longer visible or had dissipated by 1720. At 1452 on 16 April an ash plume rose to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

5 April-11 April 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 30 March-6 April and a daily thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during the week generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in various directions. Ash plumes drifted 12 km E and SW on 3 and 6 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 March-4 April 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 23-30 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 23, 26, and 29-30 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.8 km (9,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 March-28 March 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 16-23 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 18 and 21-22 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.8 km (9,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. Ash plumes were identified in satellite images drifting 76 km E during 22-23 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 March-21 March 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 9-16 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 10-12 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and NW. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 10 and 13 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 March-14 March 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 2-9 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 3, 5-7, and 9 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 7 and 9 March. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 3 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 March-7 March 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 23 February-2 March. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 24 and 26-27 February and on 2 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 27 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 February-28 February 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 16-23 February. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 21 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 22 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 February-21 February 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 9-16 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 9 and 12-13 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 9 and 13 February, and an ash cloud drifted 45 km E on 12 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 February-14 February 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 2-9 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 4-5 and 7-8 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 5 and 8 February. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 8 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 February-7 February 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 26 January-2 February. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 28-29 and 31 January and 1 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 31 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 January-31 January 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 19-26 January. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 20-24 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.7 km (12,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE, NE, and N. An ash plume was identified in satellite images drifting 40 km NE on 21 January and a thermal anomaly was visible during 21-22 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 January-24 January 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 12-19 January. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 13 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 13 and 16 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 January-17 January 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 5-12 January. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 6 and 9-11 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W and ESE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 10 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 January-10 January 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 29 December 2022-5 January 2023. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 31 December and 1-5 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 3-4 January and an ash cloud drifted 12 km NE on 4 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 December-3 January 2023 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 22-29 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 27-28 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 December-27 December 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 15-22 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 18 December generated ash plumes that rose to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images that same day; the volcano was obscured by weather clouds on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 December-20 December 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 8-15 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 9 December generated ash plumes that rose to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The volcano was obscured by weather clouds on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 December-13 December 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 1-8 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 1-2 and 7 December generated ash plumes that rose to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. The volcano was quiet or obscured by weather clouds on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 November-6 December 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 24 November-1 December. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 26 November and 1 December generated ash plumes that rose to 2.7 km (8,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 30 November; weather clouds prevented satellite views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 November-29 November 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 20 November. Weather clouds prevented views of the volcano on the other days during 17-24 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 November-22 November 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 10-17 November. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 12-13 and 16 November generated ash plumes that rose to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in eastern directions. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 16 November; weather clouds prevented satellite views on the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 November-15 November 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 4, 5, 7, and 9 November generated ash plumes that rose to 2.2-3.1 km altitude and drifted in E, NE, and N directions. Ashfall was reported at Severo-Kurilsk on 7 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 4 November; the volcano was covered by clouds the other days of the week. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 November-8 November 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions on 28 and 31 October and 1 November generated ash plumes that rose to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in eastern directions. Ash plumes drifted 110 km SE on 1 November. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 1-3 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 October-1 November 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 22 and 25-27 October generated ash plumes that rose to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 26 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 October-25 October 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions during 13-16 and 18 October generated ash plumes that rose to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 13 October and a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 15-16 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 October-18 October 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SE during 7-13 October. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 6-7 and 13 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 October-11 October 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and NE during 29 September-6 October. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 29 September and 6 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 September-4 October 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E during 22-24 and 27-28 September. On 22 and 28 September the ash plumes that drifted E and N produced ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 23 and 28 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 September-27 September 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 18 September. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 20-22 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 September-20 September 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 8 and 12-13 September. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 9-10 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 September-13 September 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) daily explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 3 and 5-8 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 August-6 September 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 25 and 31 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes during 25-26, 28, and 30-31 August, and 1 September, that rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N and E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 30 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 August-30 August 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 18-19, 22, and 25 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. during 19 and 22-25 August and drifted N and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 August-23 August 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 13 and 18 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. during 15-18 August; ash plumes drifted more than 65 km SE during 17-18 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 August-16 August 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions during 4-5 and 7-8 August. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during those same days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 August-9 August 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 28 July-4 August. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 1 and 3-4 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 July-2 August 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 21-28 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 July-26 July 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 14-21 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and S. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 17-18 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 July-19 July 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 7-14 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 10-11 July. According to observers, an explosion at 1740 local time on 16 July produced an ash plume that rose to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 5 km SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 July-12 July 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing during 1-11 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, NE, and SE. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 3 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 June-5 July 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko was ongoing. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 23 June. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW, NE, and SE during 24-25 and 30 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Dates are based on UTC times; specific events are in local time where noted.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 June-28 June 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate activity at Ebeko continued according to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E. Explosions generated ash plumes that rose up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SE, and NE during 18 and 22-23 June. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 22 June. At 1510 local time on 24 June an ash plume was observed drifting 5 km SE at an altitude of 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l., prompting KVERT to raise the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 June-21 June 2022 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that small phreatic bursts were visible at Ebeko during 11-15 June along with periodic, moderate explosions that generated ash up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 17 June (based on local time).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 November-30 November 2021 Cite this Report

On 26 November KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code for Ebeko to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale), noting that a thermal anomaly was last identified on 25 October and eruptive activity was last recorded on 9 November. Gas-and-steam emission continued to be visible.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 November-16 November 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, an explosion each day during 5-9 November produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 November-9 November 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, an explosion on 2 November produced an ash plume that rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 October-2 November 2021 Cite this Report

On 31 October an explosion at Ebeko produced an ash plume that rose to 1.8 km (5,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 5 km NE. KVERT raised the Aviation Color Code to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 October-26 October 2021 Cite this Report

On 22 October KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code for Ebeko to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale), noting that a thermal anomaly over the volcano was last visible on 25 August and eruptive activity had not been recorded since 22 September.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 October-19 October 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, an explosion on 10 October produced an ash plume that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 September-28 September 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 20 September produced ash plumes that rose as high as 1.7 km (5,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 September-21 September 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 10-11 September produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 September-14 September 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 4 and 6-8 September produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, S, and E. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 6 and 8 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 September-7 September 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 28-29 August produced ash plumes that rose as high as 1.9 km (6,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 August-31 August 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 20-21 and 24-25 August produced ash plumes that rose as high as 4.6 km (15,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 20 and 23-25 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 August-24 August 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, and the Tokyo VAAC, explosions continued during 14-20 August and produced ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l and drifted S, SE, E, and NE. Thermal anomalies were detected in satellite imagery on 13 and 14 August. On 25 August an explosion produced an ash plume that rose to 3.7 km (12,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 10 km SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 August-17 August 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 6-9 and 11 August produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 6, 9, and 11 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 August-10 August 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 29 July, 1 August, and 3-5 August produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 1 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 July-3 August 2021 Cite this Report

A thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 25 July. According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 26-28 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 July-27 July 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 16-17 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images during 16 and 20-22 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 July-20 July 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 10-14 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 10 and 12 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 July-13 July 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 2, 4, and 6-8 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 5-7 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 June-6 July 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 27-28 June and 1 July produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 June-29 June 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 18-25 June produced ash plumes that rose as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 June-22 June 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 11-18 June produced ash plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 June-15 June 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 4-6 and 9-10 June produced ash plumes that rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in different directions. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 10 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 June-8 June 2021 Cite this Report

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, an explosion on 28 May produced an ash plume that rose to 4.5 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 2 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 May-1 June 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 21 and 23 May that sent ash plumes to 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and S. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 23 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 May-25 May 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 14-20 May that sent ash plumes to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, E, and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 May-18 May 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 6, 9, and 12-13 May that sent ash plumes to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, E, and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 May-11 May 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 4-6 May that sent ash plumes to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data on 5 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 April-4 May 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-24 April that sent ash plumes to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SW. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 April-27 April 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 16-18 and 22 April that sent ash plumes to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SW. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 April-20 April 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 9-16 April that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 April-13 April 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 2-9 April that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 March-6 April 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25 and 28-29 March that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km a.s.l. (8,200 ft) and drifted in different directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 March-30 March 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 19, 21, and 24-25 March that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km a.s.l. (8,200 ft) and drifted in different directions. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 24 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 March-23 March 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 12-15 and 18-19 March that sent ash plumes to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E, NE, and NW. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 12 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 March-16 March 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 5, 7-9, and 11-12 March that sent ash plumes to 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 7-8 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 March-9 March 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 26-28 February and 1-2 March that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 26 February and 2 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 February-2 March 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 19-26 February that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 20 February and a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images that same day. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 February-23 February 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 12, 14-15, and 17 February that sent ash plumes to 2.1 km (6,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 15 February and a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 17 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 February-16 February 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 29 January and 1-2 February that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 February-9 February 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 29 January and 1-2 February that sent ash plumes to 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 January-2 February 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22, 24-25, and 27 January that sent ash plumes to 3.1 km (10,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted ESE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 24 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 January-26 January 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 20 January that sent ash plumes to 3.1 km (10,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and NE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk that same day. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 January-19 January 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 7-10 and 13-14 January; ash plumes rose up to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 January-12 January 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 31 December and 6-7 January; ash plumes rose up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 December-5 January 2021 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25 and 30-31 December; ash plumes rose up to 3.1 km (10,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 December-29 December 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 18-21 and 24 December; ash plumes rose up to 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 18-19 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 December-22 December 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 11-12 and 15-17 December that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, SE, and S. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 December-15 December 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-9 December that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 December-8 December 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 28-30 November and 3 December that sent ash plumes up to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 28 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 November-1 December 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 21-24 November that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 23-24 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 November-24 November 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 13 and 15-17 November that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 16-17 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 November-17 November 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 6-13 November that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 7-8 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 November-10 November 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 30 October-6 November that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 4 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 October-3 November 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-23, 25-26, and 28-29 October that sent ash plumes up to 3.1 km (10,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W, NW, NE, and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 October-27 October 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 16-23 October that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, and SE. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 20-22 October. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible in satellite data on 22 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 October-20 October 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-12 and 14-15 October that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, E, SE, and S. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 9-10 October. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible in satellite data on 12 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 October-13 October 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 2-9 October that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, E, SE, and S. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 7-8 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 September-6 October 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25-26 and 30 September and on 1 October that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 September-29 September 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 20-23 September that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE, E, and NE. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible in satellite data on 21 and 22 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 September-22 September 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 11 and 14-17 September that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE, E, N, and NW. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible in satellite data on 13 and 15 September. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 14-15 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 September-14 September 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 4-5 and 10 September that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 September-8 September 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 27-28 and 30-31 August, and 1-2 September. Ash plumes rose up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, SE, and S. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 August-1 September 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 14-17 and 21-28 August that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, S, and NW. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 22 August. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 16 and 24-25 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 August-18 August 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 7, 9, 11, and 13 August that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W, S, and E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 9 August. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 7 and 10 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 August-11 August 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko volcano, observed explosions on 30 July and during 1-2 and 6 August that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 6 August; weather clouds obscured views on the other days during 1-7 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 July-4 August 2020 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images during 23-24 and 28 July. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed explosions during 26-30 July that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 July-28 July 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 17-24 July that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images each day; an ash cloud 11x13 km in size drifted 30 km SE on 22 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 July-21 July 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15-16 July that sent ash plumes up to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted SE, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 15 July. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on those same days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 July-14 July 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 3-7 July that sent ash plumes up to 4.4 km (14,400 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted N and E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 3 and 6 July. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 4 and 6-7 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 July-7 July 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 26 June-3 July that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,123 ft) a.s.l. which drifted S and E. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 26-28 and 30 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 June-30 June 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 19-26 June that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted in various directions, though during 21-25 June they drifted 50 km WSW. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 21-25 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 June-23 June 2020 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 14, 16, and 18 June. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 17 June that sent ash plumes up to 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 June-16 June 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-11 June that sent ash plumes up to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and N, and as far as 85 km N and NW on 11 June. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 11 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 June-9 June 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 29-31 May and 1 June that sent ash plumes up to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and S. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images during 30 May and 1-2 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 May-2 June 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-29 May that sent ash plumes up to 4.6 km (15,100 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted E and 60 km SE, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 22 and 24 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 May-26 May 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 14-15 and 19-21 May that sent ash plumes up to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data on those same days, and ash plumes drifted 80 km SW, S, and SE during 14 and 20-21 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 May-19 May 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-15 May that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 8-12 May. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data during 12-14 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 May-12 May 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 1-8 May that sent ash plumes up to 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 3-5 May. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data on 3 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 April-5 May 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 24 April-1 May that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 25-30 April. An ash cloud was identified in satellite data on 29 April drifting 180 km SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 April-28 April 2020 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 18 and 20 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 April-21 April 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 13 April that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 April-14 April 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 4-5 and 9 April that sent ash plumes up to 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 5 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 April-7 April 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 29 and 31 March and 1-2 April that sent ash plumes up to 2.2 km (7,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE and E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 1 April. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images during 30-31 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 March-31 March 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 24-25 March that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE and W. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 March-24 March 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed bursts of gas, steam, and a small amount of ash that rose up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. on 13 and 17 March. Ash plumes drifted NE and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 March-17 March 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 8 March that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 March-10 March 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 1-2 and 5 March that sent ash plumes up to 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted S and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 February-3 March 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 21, 25, and 27 February that sent ash plumes up to 2.9 km (9,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted S, SE, and NE; ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 22 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 February-25 February 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 18-19 February that sent ash plumes up to 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 February-18 February 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 12-13 February that sent ash plumes up to 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 February-11 February 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 1-7 February that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l.; ash plumes drifted E and S. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 January-4 February 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 24-31 January that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l.; ash plumes drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 January-28 January 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 19-20 January that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l.; ash plumes drifted E and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 19 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 January-21 January 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 11 and 13-14 January that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l.; ash plumes drifted E and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 January-14 January 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 3, 5, and 9 January that sent ash plumes up to 2.9 km (9,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE and SE, and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 8 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 January-7 January 2020 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 1-2 January that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted N. Satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the dome on 1 January and an ash cloud drifted almost 30 km N on 2 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 December-31 December 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-24 December that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 December-24 December 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15-17 December that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 16-17 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 December-17 December 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 6-13 December that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 10-12 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 December-10 December 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 30 November and 1-2 and 5 December that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE and E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 November-3 December 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-23 and 28 November that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted SE and E, and produced ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 23 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 November-26 November 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15-17 and 20 November that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted SE and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 November-19 November 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 11-12 and 14 November that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,00 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 November-12 November 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 2-6 November that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,00 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted N, E, and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 October-5 November 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25-26 and 29-30 October that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and NE. A weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 29 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 October-29 October 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 18, 20-21, and 23 October that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted N, E, and SE. A weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 20 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 October-22 October 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 11-18 October that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 15 October. A weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 12 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 October-15 October 2019 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that ash from Ebeko was reported in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, during 4-5 October. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk observed explosions during 7-8 and 10 October that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and NE. A weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 8 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 October-8 October 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 27 September-4 October that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted SE, E, and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 September-1 October 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-23 September that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and NE, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 September-24 September 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 13-15 and 18 September that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 15 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 September-17 September 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 7-13 September that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SE, and N. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 6 September. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 8 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 September-10 September 2019 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images during 30-31 August. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed explosions during 30 August and 3-5 September that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 August-3 September 2019 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 23 August. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed explosions during 27-28 August that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 August-27 August 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 17-23 August that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 16 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 August-20 August 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 10-16 August that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 10 and 12 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 August-13 August 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 2 and 4 August that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on those same two days. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 July-6 August 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25-26 and 29 July, and 1 August, that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted in multiple directions. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 July-30 July 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 20-26 July that sent ash plumes up to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 18, 20, and 25 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 July-23 July 2019 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images during 13-16 and 18 July. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed explosions during 15-16 July that sent ash plumes up to 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted S and SE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 July-16 July 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 5-12 July that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted S. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 11 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 July-9 July 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 28 June-5 July that sent ash plumes up to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 29 June and 1 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 June-2 July 2019 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 23 June; weather clouds obscured views of the volcano on the other days during 21-28 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 June-25 June 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 14-15 June that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted NW and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 June-18 June 2019 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 12 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 June-11 June 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 3 June that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 May-4 June 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25-28 May that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified during 27-28 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 May-28 May 2019 Cite this Report

A thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images during 16-17 May. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 16-20 May that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 May-21 May 2019 Cite this Report

A thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images during 12-13 May. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 13-15 May that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 May-14 May 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 4 and 6-7 May that sent ash plumes up to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified on 6 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 May-7 May 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 26 April-3 May that sent ash plumes up to 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 April-30 April 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 21-22 and 24 April that sent ash plumes up to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 April-23 April 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 12-15 April that sent ash plumes up to 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 13 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 April-16 April 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions on 9 April that sent ash plumes up to 2.2 km (7,200 ft) a.s.l. Weather clouds obscured views on the other days during 5-12 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 April-9 April 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 29-31 March, 1 April, and 4 April that sent ash plumes up to 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 31 March, the same day a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 March-2 April 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22, 24-25, and 27-28 March that sent ash plumes up to 4.2 km (13,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 24-25 and 27 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 March-26 March 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15, 16-19, and 21 March that sent ash plumes up to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 15-16 and 21 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 March-19 March 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-10 March that sent ash plumes to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Satellite images showed the ash plume drifting about 30 km ENE. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 9-10 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 March-12 March 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 1-2 and 5 March that sent ash plumes to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 1 and 5 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 February-5 March 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 22-26 February that sent ash plumes to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 23-26 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 February-26 February 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15-22 February that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 February-19 February 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-15 February that sent ash plumes to 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 11 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 February-12 February 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 2-8 February that sent ash plumes to 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 4 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 January-5 February 2019 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 25 January-1 February that sent ash plumes to 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 27 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 December-18 December 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 7-14 December that sent ash plumes to 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 December-11 December 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 30 November-7 December that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km (11,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 30 November, and 1 and 4 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 November-4 December 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 23-30 November that sent ash plumes to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E. A weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data on 24 November, and ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 27 and 29 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 November-27 November 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15-23 November that sent ash plumes to 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted NE and S. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 November-20 November 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 9-15 November that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted E. A weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data during 12-13 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 November-13 November 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 2-9 November that sent ash plumes to 3.7 km (12,400 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted in multiple directions and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 October-6 November 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 26 October-2 November that sent ash plumes to 3.7 km (12,400 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted in multiple directions and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 29-31 October. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 24 and 29 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 October-30 October 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 19-26 October that sent ash plumes to 4.7 km (15,400 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted eastward, and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 19-20 and 23-24 October; ash plumes drifted about 80 km E on 20 October. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 24 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 October-23 October 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 12-19 October that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted in multiple directions, and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 14-16 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 October-16 October 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 5-12 October that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Satellite images showed ash plumes drifting about 125 km SE on 5 and 8 October, and a thermal anomaly over the volcano on 8 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 October-9 October 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 28 September-5 October that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano on 27 and 28 September, and ash plumes drifting about 80 km SW, SE, and E during 27-30 September and 1 October. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 September-2 October 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 21-28 September that sent ash plumes to 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano on 23 and 27 September, and ash plumes drifting as far as 68 km SE during 23-24 and 26-27 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 September-25 September 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 14-21 September that sent ash plumes to 4.2 km (13,800 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was occasionally visible in satellite data, and an ash plume was identified drifting about 80 km E on 14 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 September-18 September 2018 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images during 7, 9, and 12-13 September. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.4 km (11,200 ft) a.s.l. and occasional incandescence during 10-13 September; ash plumes visible in satellite data drifted 113 km SE and NE. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 September-11 September 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 31 August-7 September that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes were identified in satellite images drifting about 75 km N and S on 31 August and 4 September, and a thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible during 4-5 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 August-4 September 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 24-31 August that sent ash plumes to 3-6 km (17,100 ft) a.s.l. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite data during 24-25 and 30 August. Ash plumes drifted about 135 km SE, S, and SW during 24-25 and 27-30 August, producing ashfall on 29 and 30 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 August-28 August 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 17-24 August that sent ash plumes as high as 5.2 km (17,100 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted 235 km SE during 21-22 August, and a thermal anomaly was visible during 21-23 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 August-21 August 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 11-17 August that sent ash plumes as high as 4.5 km (14,800 ft) a.s.l. An ash plume drifted 52 km SE during 10-11 August, and a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 12 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 August-14 August 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 3-10 August that sent ash plumes as high as 3.7 km (12,100 ft) a.s.l. An ash cloud identified in satellite data drifted about 65 km E during 7-8 August. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 August-7 August 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 29-31 July and on 1 August that sent ash plumes as high as 6 km (19,700 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 July-31 July 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 20-21 and 25-26 July that sent ash plumes as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. An ash plume drifting about 15 km E was identified in satellite images on 20 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 July-24 July 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 13-20 July that sent ash plumes as high as 3.4 km (11,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 July-17 July 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 8-12 July that sent ash plumes as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Satellite data showed ash plumes drifting 37 km W during 10-11 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 July-10 July 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 30 June-1 July that sent ash plumes as high as 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. Satellite data showed ash plumes drifting 57 km SE on 1 July. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 June-3 July 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 26-27 June that sent ash plumes as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 June-26 June 2018 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that on 15 June an ash plume from Ebeko was visible in satellite images drifting 14 km SE. Video data from SVERT and KBGS RAS (Kamchatka Branch, Geophysical Service, Russian Academy of Sciences) showed ash explosions during 17-18 June that sent ash plumes to 2.5-3 km (8,200-10,000 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 June-12 June 2018 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that a diffuse ash plume drifting 8 km E of Ebeko was identified in satellite images on 5 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

16 May-22 May 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 12-14 May that sent ash plumes as high as 2.8 km (9,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash plumes drifted about 20 km SW on 13 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 May-15 May 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions at Ebeko on 4 May and during 6-10 May that sent ash plumes as high as 2.4 km (7,875 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 May-8 May 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 1-3 May that sent ash plumes as high as 2.8 km (9,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 April-1 May 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 21 and 25 April that sent ash plumes as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 April-24 April 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 15 and 17-19 April that sent ash plumes as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 April-17 April 2018 Cite this Report

Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 7 and 11-12 April that sent ash plumes as high as 1.8 km (5,900 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 6 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 April-10 April 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 31 March-6 April generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.7 km (8,900 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 March-3 April 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 23-25 and 28-29 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 March-27 March 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 18 and 21-22 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.8 km (5,900 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 17 and 21 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 March-20 March 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 12-13 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.7 km (8,900 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 March-13 March 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 6 March generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.7 km (5,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 February-6 March 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 23-25 and 27-28 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.3 km (10,800 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 February-27 February 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 17-18 and 20-21 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km (7,900 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 17-18 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 February-20 February 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 9-10 and 14 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km (7,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 February-13 February 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 5-8 February generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km (7,900 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 8 February. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 January-6 February 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 26-27 and 29-31 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 29 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 January-30 January 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 22-23 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 January-23 January 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 11-12, 14-16, and 18 January generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.1 km (10,200 ft) a.s.l. Minor ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 15-16 and 18 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 December-2 January 2018 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 25 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 December-26 December 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that on 16 December an ash plume from Ebeko was identified in satellite images drifting about 15 km SSW. A thermal anomaly was also visible. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed ash plumes from explosions rising as high as 3.5 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. during 18-19 and 21-22 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 December-19 December 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 8-9 and 11 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km (7,500 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 December-12 December 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 2-5 and 7 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 1-4 and 7 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 November-5 December 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 25-26 and 28-30 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 28 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 November-28 November 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 17-18 and 20-21 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 22 November. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 November-21 November 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 16 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 November-14 November 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 5 and 7-8 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 November-7 November 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 27 October-3 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 October-31 October 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 20-27 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 October-24 October 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 13-20 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 October-17 October 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 6-7, 9, and 12 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 7, 9, and 12 October. Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 October-10 October 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 29-30 September and 1 and 5 October generated ash plumes that rose 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 September-3 October 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 24 September generated ash plumes that rose 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

20 September-26 September 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 15-17 September generated ash plumes that rose 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 and 18 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

13 September-19 September 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 13-14 September generated ash plumes that rose 2.2 km (7,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

6 September-12 September 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 2 September generated ash plumes that rose 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Explosions during 3 and 6-7 September produced ash plumes that rose 2.1 km (6,900 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 2-3 and 6-7 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 August-5 September 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 28-29 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km (7,200 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 28 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 August-29 August 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 22 August generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 August-8 August 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that satellite images of Ebeko showed a weak thermal anomaly over the volcano on 31 July. Volcanologists working at Kambalny (90 km NE) on 1 August observed explosions generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.6 km (5,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 July-18 July 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 7-8 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 July-11 July 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 1 and 4 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 June-4 July 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 23-30 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 24 and 26 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 June-27 June 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosions on 17 and 21 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 June-20 June 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosive activity continued at the volcano during 9-16 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 June-13 June 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosive activity continued at the volcano during 2-9 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

31 May-6 June 2017 Cite this Report

Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosive activity continued at the volcano during 25 May-2 June. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

24 May-30 May 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 23-24 May explosions at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 May-23 May 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that on 15 May explosions at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 May-16 May 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that an ash plume from Ebeko was identified in satellite images drifting about 50 km NE on 7 May. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 May-9 May 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 28 April-5 May satellite images of Ebeko showed quiet conditions or weather cloud cover. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Based on satellite observations, the Tokyo VAAC reported that during 8-9 May plumes rose to altitudes of 2.4-2.7 km (8,000-9,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and NE. The cause of the plumes was unclear, and weather clouds hindered observations.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 April-2 May 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 23-26 April several explosions at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose as high as 2.1 km (6,900 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 25 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 April-25 April 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that on 14, 16, and 19 April several explosions at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose as high as 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 18 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

12 April-18 April 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 7-14 April several explosions at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose as high as 2.6 km (8,500 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 12 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

5 April-11 April 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 4-6 April several explosions at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose as high as 4 km (13,100 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 6 April. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

29 March-4 April 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 24-31 March several explosions per day at Ebeko were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. Ash plumes rose to altitudes of 1.5-3.4 km (4,900-11,200 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 26 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 March-28 March 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 20-22 March several explosions at Ebeko, observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, generated plumes that rose to altitudes of 1.7-1.8 km (5,600-5,900 ft) a.s.l. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 21 March. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

15 March-21 March 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that on 10 March several explosions at Ebeko, observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, generated plumes that rose to an altitude of 1.6 km (5,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 March-14 March 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 3-10 March there were 15 explosions at Ebeko observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 March-7 March 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions at Ebeko on 24, 26, and 27 February and 2 March produced ash plumes that rose as high as an altitude of 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 February-28 February 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions on 27 February at Ebeko produced an ash plume that rose to an altitude of 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted about 6 km N. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

8 February-14 February 2017 Cite this Report

On 10 February KVERT reported that activity at Ebeko had declined, though gas-and-steam emissions continued. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

1 February-7 February 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate gas-and-steam emissions possibly containing small amounts of ash continued at Ebeko during 27 January-3 February. Minor ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E on 30 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

25 January-31 January 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that moderate gas-and-steam emissions possibly containing small amounts of ash may have continued at Ebeko during 20-27 January. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

18 January-24 January 2017 Cite this Report

On 19 January KVERT reported that activity at Ebeko had decreased significantly, and only steam-and-gas emissions had been observed since 12 January. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale). According to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, ash plumes rose to an altitude of 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 3 km SW on 19 January. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 January-17 January 2017 Cite this Report

On 16 January KVERT reported that activity at Ebeko had decreased; satellite images showed quiet conditions during the past few weeks, and only steam-and-gas emissions were observed on 12 January. The Aviation Color Code was lowered to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

4 January-10 January 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that gas-and-steam plumes sometimes containing minor amounts of ash were emitted from Ebeko during 30 December 2016-6 January 2017. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 December-3 January 2017 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions at Ebeko produced ash plumes during 24-27 December that rose to an altitude of 2.5 km (8,200 ft) a.s.l. Minor ashfall was noted in Severo-Kurilsk on 23 and 26 December. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 December-27 December 2016 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, gas-and-steam plumes containing a small amount of ash rose from Ebeko to an altitude of 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 8 km N and NE on 17 and 20 December. Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 18-22 December. Ash plumes rose as high as 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. on 27 December. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 December-13 December 2016 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, a gas-and-steam plume containing a small amount of ash rose from Ebeko to an altitude of 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l., and drifted 6 km N during 8-9 December. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest on a four-color scale). During 9-10 December gas-and-steam plumes with minor amounts of ash rose from two vents, in Sredniy Crater (middle part) and Severny Crater (N part), to altitudes of 1.8-1.9 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 4-5 km NW.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

19 October-25 October 2016 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, a gas-and-steam plume continuing ash rose from Ebeko to an altitude of 1.5 km (4,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 15 km ENE on 20 October. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow (the second lowest on a four-color scale). Later that day observers noted gas, steam, and ash plumes rising 1.3-1.4 km (4,300-4,600 ft) a.s.l. and drifting 10 km NE. Ground-based and satellite observations during 21-23 October indicated quiet conditions; the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green on 24 October.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 July-27 July 2010 Cite this Report

On 23 July, KVERT reported that the Aviation Color Code level for Ebeko was lowered to Green. Visual observations and satellite data indicated no activity from the volcano during 16-23 July.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

30 June-6 July 2010 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk about 7 km E, activity from Ebeko increased on 2 July. Explosions produced ash plumes that rose to an altitude of 1.8 km (5,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SSE. The Level of Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

28 October-3 November 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that on 26 October a gas-and-steam plume from Ebeko was seen by observers in Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E of Ebeko, rising 300 m above the crater and drifting 1-2 km NNE. There was no evidence of ash deposits on the snow cover. Gas-and-steam plumes rose 250 m above the crater and drifted 2 km E on 28 October and NNE on 29 October. The Level of Aviation Color Code remained at Green.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

21 October-27 October 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 26 October a possible eruption plume from Ebeko rose to an altitude of 8.8 km (29,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Emissions continued the next day.

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

14 October-20 October 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 15 October a possible eruption plume from Ebeko rose to an altitude of 10.7 km (35,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

29 July-4 August 2009 Cite this Report

On 31 July, KVERT reported that activity from Ebeko had remained at low levels since 13 July. The Level of Concern Color Code was lowered to Green.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

17 June-23 June 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that gas-and-steam plumes rose to an altitude of 1.7 km (5,600 ft) a.s.l. during 13-18 June. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 June-16 June 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 9-10 June gas-and-steam plumes from Ebeko rose to an altitude of 2.7 km (8,900 ft) a.s.l. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 13 June an ash plume rose to an altitude of 2.1 km (7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

20 May-26 May 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 22 May an ash plume from Ebeko rose to an altitude of 2.4 km (8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

6 May-12 May 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 1-8 May observers from Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed continued activity. Gas-and-steam plumes containing a small amount of ash were noted on 2 May. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that during 9-11 May ash plumes rose to altitudes of 2.1-2.4 km (7,000-8,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW and SE.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

29 April-5 May 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 24 April-1 May observers from Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed continued activity. Gas-and-steam plumes with some ash content rose to an altitude of 3.5 km (11,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 6 km in multiple directions. On 23 April, a small amount of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk. Satellite imagery revealed strips of ash deposits radiating from the crater in different directions on 29 and 30 April. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 30 April an ash plume rose to an altitude of 1.8 km (6,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 20 km E.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

22 April-28 April 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 17-24 April observers from Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed continued activity. Gas-and-steam plumes with some ash content rose to an altitude of 2 km (6,600 ft) a.s.l. during 17-19 April and drifted 8 km NE. On 22 April, light ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that during 25-26 April ash plumes rose to altitudes of 1.2-2.1 km (4,000-7,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SW, and W.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

15 April-21 April 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 10-17 April observers from Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed continued activity. Gas-and-steam plumes with some ash content rose to an altitude of 2.7 km (8,900 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 15 km SE. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 17 April an ash plume drifted NE at an altitude of 3 km (10,000 ft) a.s.l.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

8 April-14 April 2009 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that during 3-10 April observers from Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed continued activity. Gas-and-steam plumes with some ash content rose to an altitude of 3.4 km (11,200 ft) a.s.l. and drifted 8 km in southerly directions. Light ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 5 April. The Level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 12 April an ash plume drifted 6 km SE at an altitude of 1.5 km (5,000 ft) a.s.l.

Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

1 April-7 April 2009 Cite this Report

On 3 April, KVERT reported that the Level of Concern Color Code for Ebeko was raised to Yellow. Observers from Severo-Kurilsk, about 7 km E, reported increased activity; ash-and-gas plumes rose to an altitude of 3.2 km (10,500 ft) a.s.l. and drifted about 20 km NW and E. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 13, 29, and 31 March up to 0.2 cm thick. Since Ebeko is not monitored by seismic instruments, KVERT relies on visual observations and satellite images for monitoring.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

11 March-17 March 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 13 March an ash plume from Ebeko drifted E at an altitude of 0.6 km (2,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 February-17 February 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, the Tokyo VAAC reported that on 11 February an ash plume drifted NE from Ebeko at an altitude of 0.6 km (2,000 ft) a.s.l. On 17 February, an ash plume drifted SW at an altitude of 1.2 km (4,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

21 March-27 March 2007 Cite this Report

According to a news article, gas-and-steam clouds from Ebeko rose to 1.3-1.5 km (4,100-4,800 ft) a.s.l. on 22 March. Nearby residents reported smelling sulfur and chlorine.

Source: RIA Novosti

22 February-28 February 2006 Cite this Report

KVERT reported that no significant changes in activity at Ebeko had been seen on satellite imagery or via ground observations for several months, so the Concern Color Code was reduced from Yellow to Green, the lowest level. A weak scent of hydrogen sulfide and chlorine gas was sometimes noted in the town of Severo-Kurilsk, ~7 km from the volcano. Ebeko is not seismically monitored. According to KVERT, it is likely that activity will stay at low levels and an explosive eruption is not imminent in the next weeks.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

14 September-20 September 2005 Cite this Report

Strong fumarolic activity continued at Ebeko's crater during 9-16 September. Ebeko remained at Concern Color Code Yellow.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

7 September-13 September 2005 Cite this Report

On 9 September, KVERT raised the Concern Color Code at Ebeko from Green to Yellow due to an increase in activity at the volcano. Fumarolic activity increased at the Ebeko's crater, with gas temperatures of 480 degrees C.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

10 August-16 August 2005 Cite this Report

KVERT reduced the Concern Color Code at Ebeko from Yellow to Green (the lowest level) during 5-12 August. Weak fumarolic activity was observed, and no volcanic activity was visible on satellite imagery during the report week.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

3 August-9 August 2005 Cite this Report

During 3-9 August fumarolic activity continued at Ebeko.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

27 July-2 August 2005 Cite this Report

KVERT raised the Concern Color Code at Ebeko around 29 July from Green to Yellow. During 22-29 July, new fumaroles were noted in the volcano's active crater, and an explosion in the crater emitted hot steam. These types of strong changes in the crater had not been observed since 1982.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

22 June-28 June 2005 Cite this Report

The Russian Emergency Situations Ministry's Sakhalin department reported renewed activity at Ebeko. Emission clouds reportedly rose to a maximum height of 200 m above the crater and drifted SW.

Sources: Gazeta.ru News; RIA Novosti; Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

23 March-29 March 2005 Cite this Report

There was no seismic activity at Ebeko during 18-25 March, so KVERT reduced the Concern Color Code from Yellow to Green, the lowest level.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

9 February-15 February 2005 Cite this Report

On 7 February a small emission of steam, gas, and possibly ash from Ebeko rose ~1 km above the volcano's crater and drifted ~12 km SE. On 8 and 9 February plumes rose to 600 m and thin ash deposits were noted in the town of Severo-Kurilsk, ~7 km from the volcano. Ebeko remained at Concern Color Code Yellow .

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

2 February-8 February 2005 Cite this Report

During 28 January to 4 February, heightened volcanic activity continued at Ebeko. On 1 February gas-and-steam plumes rose to 450 m above ~Ebeko's crater and drifted NE. Ebeko remained at Concern Color Code Yellow .

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

26 January-1 February 2005 Cite this Report

Due to an increase in volcanic activity at Ebeko, on 30 January KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Green to Yellow. On 27 and 28 January a strong sulfur scent was detected in the town of Severo-Kurilsk, ~7 km from Ebeko. On the 27th a gas-and-steam plume rose ~400 m above the volcano. During 28-29 January, a plume rose ~300 m above the vent on the on the NE side of the volcano's active crater. Ash deposits that were 2-3 mm thick were found 10 m from the vent. Ash extended about 500 m E. At this time a new 7x12-m turquoise lake emerged in the SW part of the active crater. The lake disappeared on 30 January, and there was intensive fumarolic activity where it had been. During the report period, shallow earthquakes were recorded at the Severo-Kurilsk seismic station.

Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT)

Bulletin Reports - Index

Reports are organized chronologically and indexed below by Month/Year (Publication Volume:Number), and include a one-line summary. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports.

10/1987 (SEAN 12:10) Ash ejections to 1 km; steaming fissures form

12/1987 (SEAN 12:12) Explosions continue; minor ashfall

05/1989 (SEAN 14:05) Ash emission from new flank vent; felt seismicity

11/1989 (SEAN 14:11) Mild explosions eject ash to 800 m

08/1993 (BGVN 18:08) Fumarolic activity from 1989 eruption site; sulfur emissions

04/2004 (BGVN 29:04) Weak fuming and notes on Tatarinov, Chikurachki, and Fuss Peak

06/2005 (BGVN 30:06) Small ash deposits in January 2005 but plumes later became infrequent

08/2009 (BGVN 34:08) Occasional steam plumes with ash from mid-2005 to mid-2009

07/2011 (BGVN 36:07) Gas-and-steam plumes and ash plumes in 2009 and 2010

08/2017 (BGVN 42:08) New eruption with ash explosions began on 20 October 2016; ongoing through May 2017

03/2018 (BGVN 43:03) Continuing frequent ash explosions through November 2017, typically to about 2 km altitude

06/2018 (BGVN 43:06) Ash explosions remained frequent through May 2018, with plumes typically rising more than 1 km

12/2018 (BGVN 43:12) Frequent ash explosions continue during June-November 2018

07/2019 (BGVN 44:07) Continuing frequent moderate explosions though May 2019; ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk

12/2019 (BGVN 44:12) Frequent moderate explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall continue through November 2019

06/2020 (BGVN 45:06) Frequent moderate explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall continue, December 2019-May 2020

12/2020 (BGVN 45:12) Continued explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall; June-November 2020

06/2021 (BGVN 46:06) Frequent explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall persist during December 2020-May 2021

12/2021 (BGVN 46:12) Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall during June-November 2021

10/2022 (BGVN 47:10) Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, and thermal activity during June-September 2022

06/2023 (BGVN 48:06) Continued explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall during October 2022-May 2023

Information is preliminary and subject to change. All times are local (unless otherwise noted)

October 1987 (SEAN 12:10) Cite this Report

Ash ejections to 1 km; steaming fissures form

Beginning 14 October, two vents on a sheer wall of the N crater began ejecting fine ash and steam to 300 m above the summit. Pulsations of activity occurred 3 or 4 times a day. Ejections reached 1 km height, with a plume that extended horizontally 10-15 km NE. Fissures that formed on the outer E flank of the crater emitted steam. No seismicity preceded or accompanied the ash-steam ejections. The press reported that ash and gas began to be emitted from the main crater before 2100 on 19 October, and the crater lake was emptied of water. A 1-km-high ash column formed on 27 October and the next day a small amount of ash fell on the town of Severo-Kurilsk (a few kilometers away). No casualties resulted from the eruptions. Additional equipment was installed to monitor the volcano. Variations in gas composition of near-crater fumaroles were observed 4 years ago, and an increase in the temperatures of fumarole emissions has been noted since the October eruption. The press reported that scientists did not rule out the possiblilty of a lahar which could pose a danger to the S part of Severo-Kurilsk.

Information Contacts: S. Fedotov and I. Menyailov, IV; G. Steinberg, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk; Moscow Domestic Service; Soviet Sakhalin newspaper.

December 1987 (SEAN 12:12) Cite this Report

Explosions continue; minor ashfall

Explosive eruptions began on 14 October, from two of the three vents in the N summit crater. A gas cloud continuously rose 150-250 m while periodic explosions sent ash plumes to heights between 300-400 m and 1,000-1,200 m (table 1). Similar activity continued 14-20 November. A meteorological station in Severo-Kurilsk (6 km S) recorded the explosions.

Table 1. Large explosions from Ebeko, 27 October-8 November 1987.

Date	Time	Observations
27 Oct 1987	1500	--
28 Oct 1987	0915	--
29 Oct 1987	0338	--
31 Oct 1987	0119	Accompanied by a bright flash.
04 Nov 1987	1640	--
05 Nov 1987	2100	Minor ashfall and sulfur smell reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
07 Nov 1987	1650	Sulfur smell reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
08 Nov 1987	1105	--

No seismic precursors to the eruption were recorded and the seismic station of the Inst of Marine Geology & Geophysics, in Severo-Kurilsk, did not detect any earthquakes in the region during the eruption. The same station recorded earthquakes before and during the more distant (but much larger) 1981 eruption of Alaid (40 km NW). Specialists from the IV, Petropavlovsk, are working at the volcano. Air observations were made by the Inst of Marine Geology & Geophysics.

Further Reference. Menyailov, I.A., Ovsyannokov, A.A., and Shirokov, V.A., 1990, Eruption of Ebeko volcano in October-December 1987: Volc. Seis. (in English), v. 10, p. 493-498.

Information Contacts: G. Steinberg, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk; S. Fedotov, IV.

May 1989 (SEAN 14:05) Cite this Report

Ash emission from new flank vent; felt seismicity

An eruption that began 3 February from Ebeko's N crater formed a new flank vent that emitted ash and gas. The explosive activity ejected a plume that rose 2.5 km in April and May, accompanied by felt seismicity. Fumarole temperatures increased by 30°C. The eruption was continuing in late May.

Information Contacts: G. Bogoyavlenskaya and I. Menyailov, IV,.

November 1989 (SEAN 14:11) Cite this Report

Mild explosions eject ash to 800 m

Mild explosive activity from the NW portion of Ebeko's N crater was reported in August and September. . . . activity from a vent 100 m across and 50 m deep occurred at 1-3-hour intervals. Ash was ejected to 800 m. No juvenile material was found in the tephra. Volcaniclastic bombs (<=0.2 m) were ejected onto the crater slopes within 500 m of the vent. The position of the observers was not known, but the only audible explosion occurred 23 September at 1422.

Information Contacts: B. Ivanov, IV.

August 1993 (BGVN 18:08) Cite this Report

Fumarolic activity from 1989 eruption site; sulfur emissions

On 12 and 13 August, members of an SVE team climbed the volcano and observed fumarolic activity concentrated mainly in the NW vent, the site of the 1989 eruption, and inside the S crater. Small hot water lakes (50-60°C) were present at ~950-1,000 m elev on the outer SE slope of the S crater, ~150 m below the rim. A small cold crescent-shaped lake, slightly acidic, occupied the floor of the N crater. Sulfur deposition from two fumarolic vents 25-40 m N of the hot water lakes at ~950 m elev has produced large vent structures. The smaller structure is bright-yellow, tea-kettle-shaped, and ~1 m high. Pressurized steam, consisting of water vapor and sulfur, was being emitted horizontally towards the E from a small vent opening. The larger structure is ~4-5 m high with two peaks, one on each side of the top. An elongated opening (~2 m long and 60 cm high) in the side of the edifice was emitting a large plume of sulfuric steam, but with less force than at the smaller vent.

Information Contacts: H. Gaudru, SVE, Switzerland.

April 2004 (BGVN 29:04) Cite this Report

Weak fuming and notes on Tatarinov, Chikurachki, and Fuss Peak

The last recorded eruption of Ebeko volcano was in 1991. Table 2 summarizes activity on Ebeko from February-April 2004 as reported by observers Leonid and Tatiana Kotenko (observations made on days when clouds did not obscure the volcano).

Table 2. A summary showing Ebeko activity for February-April 2004. Courtesy of Leonid and Tatiana Kotenko.

Date	Activity level	Wind direction	Gas-steam plume (meters above crater)	Comment
08 Feb 2004	Quiet	--	--	--
12 Feb 2004	Quiet	--	--	--
23 Feb 2004	--	NW	--	Strong smell of H2S
03 Mar-04 Mar 2004	--	Weak to N	--
12 Mar 2004	--	--	--
16 Mar-17 Mar 2004	--	--	--
26 Mar 2004	--	Strong to S	--	--
29 Mar 2004	Quiet	--	--	--
31 Mar 2004	--	N	--
02 Apr 2004	Quiet	--	--	--
12 Apr 2004	--	Strong to NE	--	--
15 Apr 2004	--	N	--
19 Apr 2004	--	--	--
28 Apr 2004	--	--	--
29 Apr 2004	--	Strong to N	--	--

On 14 April 2004 a fishing craft reported a white gas plume emerging from Tatarinov volcano. That volcano lies near the opposite (southern) end of Paramushir Island. The plume came from Tatarinov's fumarolic field and remained at low altitude following the Tukharka river. Also in the southern part of Paramushir island, the volcanoes Chikurachki (last active 17-18 April 2003, SEAN 28:07) and Fuss Peak (SEAN 12:04) were both reported quiet.

Information Contacts: Leonid and Tatiana Kotenko, Severo-Kurilsk, Paramushir Island; Olga A. Girina, Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), a cooperative program of the Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Ave. 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia, the Kamchatka Experimental and Methodical Seismological Department (KEMSD), GS RAS (Russia), and the Alaska Volcano Observatory (USA); Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4667, USA (URL: http://www.avo.alaska.edu/), the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, USA, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, 794 University Ave., Suite 200, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA.

June 2005 (BGVN 30:06) Cite this Report

Small ash deposits in January 2005 but plumes later became infrequent

A few gas-and-steam plumes from Ebeko were reported during February-April 2004 (BGVN 29:04). The most recent previous eruption was in January 1991. On 30 January 2005 the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT) raised the Concern Color Code at Ebeko from Green to Yellow after reports of a strong smell of sulfur on 27 and 28 January in the town of Severo-Kurilsk, ~ 7 km from Ebeko. Observations by Leonid and Tatiana Kotenko in Severo-Kurilsk during May-July 2004 included occasional gas-and-steam plume rising as high as 250 m above the volcano during clear weather and fumarolic plumes moving close to the ground. There was no visible activity in August, but a few plumes were seen again from September to November.

During 28 January, a white gas-and-steam plume was seen from Severo-Kurilsk rising 400 m above the volcano. Summit observations the next day revealed a yellow-gray, 5-m-diameter, column rising 300 m from a vent on the NE side of the active crater. Three ash layers 2-3 mm thick were noted 10 m from the vent, and ash extended ~ 500 m E into the crater. At this time a new 7 x 12 m turquoise lake had developed in the SW part of the active crater. The lake disappeared on 30 January, and there was intensive fumarolic activity where it had been. Shallow earthquakes were recorded at the Severo-Kurilsk seismic station.

On 1 February gas-and-steam plumes rose to 450 m above Ebeko's crater and drifted NE. On 7 February a small emission of steam, gas, and possibly ash rose ~ 1 km above the crater and drifted ~ 12 km SE. On 8 and 9 February plumes rose to 600 m and thin ash deposits were noted in the town of Severo-Kurilsk.

The following information came to KVERT from observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Leonid and Tatiana Kotenko). On 15-16 February a dark-gray column rose up to 500 m above the crater. A dark-gray plume extended 6 km E and a light-gray plume 7 km SE. On 16 February ashfall together with snowfall was noted over the strait to the E of Paramushir Island. On 17 February a white column up to 250 m above the crater was observed. On 12 February and 16-17 February a strong smell of a H₂S was noted at Severo-Kurilsk. On 18-19 February white gas-and-steam columns 5 m in diameter rose from the two vents up to 450 m above the crater and a new lake (10 x 10 m) on the floor of the active crater was observed. On 25 February white gas-and-steam plumes rose to 450 m and 1,000 m above the crater. Gas-and-steam plumes were also observed on 1-2, 4-5, and 9 March. No ash was seen. A strong smell of H₂S was noted at Severo-Kurilsk on 25 February and 2 March.

About 20 seismic events of less than Ml 2.0 were observed during 1-9 March at the Severo-Kurilsk seismic station. No seismic activity was observed from 12 to 14 March. On 15 March two seismic events were noted. There was no seismicity during 18-25 March, so KVERT reduced the hazard status from Yellow to Green, the lowest level.

The Russian Emergency Situations Ministry's Sakhalin department reported renewed activity on 27 June in the form of emission clouds rising to a maximum height of 200 m above the crater and drifting SW. KVERT did not report any activity, and the Concern Color Code for Ebeko remained at Green.

Information Contacts: Olga Girina, Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), a cooperative program of the Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Ave. 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia; Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508-4667, USA (URL: http://www.avo.alaska.edu/), the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, PO Box 757320, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, USA, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, 794 University Ave., Suite 200, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA.

August 2009 (BGVN 34:08) Cite this Report

Occasional steam plumes with ash from mid-2005 to mid-2009

Our most recent report on Ebeko described minor seismic events between January-June 2005, accompanied by occasional plumes sometimes depositing minor ash (BGVN 30:06). Ebeko lacks a dedicated seismometer; therefore, the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) generally monitors the volcano with visual and satellite observations. The town of Severo-Kurilsk, ~ 7 km E of the summit, has been subjected to considerable environmental stress due to emissions in the past several years (Kotenko and Kotenko, 2009). The volcano is located at the N end of Paramushir Island, just S of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The island hosts five other volcanoes active in the Holocene, including Chikurachki, which was active in 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, and as recently as September 2008.

About 29 July 2005, KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Green (the lowest level) to Yellow. During 22-29 July new fumaroles were noted in the active crater, and there was one explosion reported. This types of activity had not been observed since 1982. During 3-9 August fumarolic activity continued. During the week of 5-12 August 2005 weak fumarolic activity was noted, but no volcanic activity was visible on satellite imagery. Strong fumarolic activity occurred during 9-16 September, and gas temperatures reached 480°C. During the week 22-28 February 2006, KVERT reported that no significant changes in activity had been seen on satellite imagery or via ground observations for several months, so the Concern Color Code was reduced to Green. A weak scent of hydrogen sulfide and chlorine gas was sometimes noted in Severo-Kurilsk.

No additional information was available about Ebeko until March 2007. According to a news article in RIA Novosti, on 22 March gas-and-steam clouds from the volcano rose to an altitude of 1.3-1.5 km. Nearby residents smelled sulfur and chlorine.

Ebeko was not reported on again until February 2009. According to the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) and KVERT, between 11 February and 18 June 2009, the volcano emitted a series of gas-and-steam plumes containing some ash (table 3, figure 1). During 29 January-23 February, the cumulative ashfall was 80 g/m².

Table 3. Gas-and-steam plumes from Ebeko containing some ash between 11 February 2009 and 18 June 2009. Information was provided by the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center based on an analysis of satellite imagery and information from Yelizovo Airport, and KVERT.

Date	Max. plume altitude (km)	Plume drift direction
11 Feb 2009	0.6	NE
17 Feb 2009	1.2	SW
13 Mar 2009	0.6	E
01 Apr-10 Apr 2009	3.2-3.4	Various
10 Apr-17 Apr 2009	1.5-2.7	SE
17 Apr-19 Apr 2009	2-3	NE
24 Apr-01 May 2009	1.2-3.5	Various
09 May-11 May 2009	2.1-2.4	SW, SE
22 May 2009	2.4	SE
09 Jun-10 Jun 2009	2.7	--
13 Jun 2009	2.1	SW
13 Jun-18 Jun 2009	1.7	--

Figure 1. Ash layers from Ebeko deposited in ~ 70 cm of snow and excavated and photographed on 26 February 2009. The layers were thin. More layers were deposited later (see text below). Courtesy of Leonid Kotenko (IV&S).

Ashfall deposits in Severo-Kurilsk on 13-14, 18, 29, and 31 March 2009 (figures 2 and 3) were up to 2 mm deep. The town also experienced light ashfall on 5 and 22-23 April. Accordingly, on 3 April 2009 the Level of Concern Color Code was raised to Yellow. On 31 July, KVERT reported that activity had remained low since 13 July, and thus lowered the Level of Concern Color Code to Green.

Figure 2. Ash cloud from Ebeko blowing towards Severo-Kurilsk, Paramushir Island, on 14 March 2009. Photographed by Tania Kotenko (IV&S).

Figure 3. A photo showing an Ebeko explosion on 18 March 2009. Photographed by Leonid Kotenko (IV&S).

Hazards and impacts on Severo-Kurilsk. Kotenko and Kotenko (2009) discussed the environmental impacts of Ebeko on Severo-Kurilsk. Threats include lahars, ashfalls, atmospheric poisoning from volcanic gases (particularly during periods of strong fumarolic activity), and the pollution of potable water supplies. Narrow river gorges descending the volcano can direct volcanic gas into Severo-Kurilsk, which lies in a lowland, accentuating the air pollution problem. The study noted the stresses on inhabitants during strong fumarolic activity of the kind seen during the 2- to 3-year-long intervals leading to eruptions. Historical eruptions occurred in 1793, 1833-34, 1859, 1934-35, 1967-71, and 1987-90.

Reference. Kotenko, Tatyana, and Kotenko, Leonid, 2009, Status of Ebeko volcano (Paramushir Island) and environmental impact of its eruptions, [in Russian] in Volcanism and Geodynamics: Content of 4th Russian symposium on volcanology and paleovolcanology: Yevgeny Gordeev (chief editor), IV&S Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 23-29 September 2009, v. 2, p. 613-617 [ISBN 978-5-902424-05-5].

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/); Olga Girina (KVERT); Leonid Kotenko, Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IV&S); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Tokyo, Japan (URL: http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/); RIA Novosti (URL: http://en.rian.ru/).

July 2011 (BGVN 36:07) Cite this Report

Gas-and-steam plumes and ash plumes in 2009 and 2010

Our most recent report on Ebeko (BGVN 34:08) described intermittent activity from mid-2005 to mid-2009, primarily plumes that sometimes deposited minor ash. Ebeko lacks a dedicated seismometer; therefore, the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) generally monitors the volcano with visual and satellite observations (figure 4). Intermittent plumes continued in 2009-2010.

Figure 4. Topographic map of Paramushir Island (Ebeko volcano sits at the extreme NE end and town of Severo-Kurilsk is nearby). From National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Tactical Pilotage Chart ONC-E10C, as provided by McGimsey and others (2005).

Activity during October 2009. Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Tokyo VAAC reported two possible eruption plumes from Ebeko in October 2009. The first plume, reported on 15 October 2009, rose to an altitude of 10.7 km and drifted NE. The second plume, on 26 October, rose to an altitude of 8.8 km and drifted E.

KVERT reported that on 26 October a gas-and-steam plume was seen by observers in Severo-Kurilsk (figure 4), a town about 7 km E of Ebeko. The plume rose about 300 m above the crater and drifted 1-2 km NNE. Gas-and-steam plumes rose 250 m above the crater and drifted 2 km E on 28 October and NNE on 29 October 2009.

Activity during June-July 2010. KVERT reported that activity increased on 2 July according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (figure 5). Explosions produced ash plumes that rose to an altitude of 1.8 km and drifted SSE. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Yellow. On 23 July, KVERT reported that the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Green. Visual observations and satellite data indicated no activity from the volcano during 16-23 July.

Figure 5. Photograph of an ash explosion from Ebeko on 2 July 2010 taken from the town of Severo-Kurilsk. Photo taken by Leonid Kotenko.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Tokyo, Japan (URL: http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/).

August 2017 (BGVN 42:08) Cite this Report

New eruption with ash explosions began on 20 October 2016; ongoing through May 2017

Following explosions that produced ash plumes in early July 2010 (BGVN 36:07), no additional activity was noted from Ebeko by the Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) until October 2016. This rather remote volcano on the N end of Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands (figure 6) contains many craters, lakes, and thermal features (figure 7). Ash plumes were observed on 20 October 2016 and continued to be detected intermittently through 19 April 2017 (table 4).

Figure 6. Satellite imagery from Google Earth showing the location of Ebeko volcano on the N end of Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands. The village and seaport of Severo-Kurilsk, the largest populated center on the island, is about 7 km E. Courtesy of Google Earth; specific sources of data are shown on the image.

Figure 7. Sketch map showing features in the crater area of Ebeko volcano. (1) thermal fields in pink, (2) fumaroles, (3) pots of thermal water, (4) crater lakes in blue, (5) rims of major craters. Roman numerals denote thermal fields: (I) Active Funnel (in the North Crater), (II) South Crater, (III) West Field, (IV) Northeastern Field, (V) Gremuchaya fumarole field, (VI) Florenskii fumarole field, (VII) First Eastern Field, (VIII) Second Eastern Field, (IX) Southeastern Field, (X) Lagernyi Brook field, (XI) Second Southeastern Field, (XII) Third Southeastern Field. From Rychagov and others, 2010.

Table 4. Summary of activity at Ebeko volcano from mid-October 2016 to mid-April 2017. ACC is Aviation Color Code. Data courtesy of KVERT.

Date	Plume Altitude	Plume Distance	Plume Direction	Other Observations
20 Oct 2016	1.5 km; 1.3-1.4 km	15 km; 10 km	ENE; NE	ACC raised to Yellow.
24 Oct 2016	--	--	--	ACC lowered to Green.
08-09 Dec 2016	1.5 km	6 km	N	ACC raised to Yellow.
09-10 Dec 2016	1.8-1.9 km	4-5 km	NW	Minor amounts of ash from two vents, in Sredniy Crater (middle) and Severny Crater (northern).
17, 20 Dec 2016	1.5 km	8 km	N, NE	--
24-27 Dec 2016	2-2.5 km	--	--	Ash plumes; ACC raised to Orange on 27 Dec.
30 Dec 2016-06 Jan 2017	--	--	--	Gas and steam plumes, minor ash.
12 Jan 2017	--	--	--	ACC lowered to Yellow.
19 Jan 2017	2 km	3 km	SW	ACC raised to Orange.
20 Jan-03 Feb 2017	--	--	--	Minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 30 Jan.
10 Feb 2017	--	--	--	Activity declined; ACC lowered to Yellow.
27 Feb 2017	2 km	6 km	N	ACC raised to Orange.
24, 26, 27 Feb 2017; 02 Mar 2017	up to 2.5 km	--	--	Explosions.
03-10 Mar 2017	1.6 km	--	--	15 explosions.
20-22 Mar 2017	1.7-1.8 km	--	--	Several explosions; minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 21 Mar.
24-31 Mar 2017	1.5-3.4 km	--	--	Several daily explosions; minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 26 Mar.
04-06 Apr 2017	4 km	--	--	Several explosions; minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 6 Apr.
07-14 Apr 2017	2.6 km	--	--	Several explosions; minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 12 Apr.
14, 16, 19 Apr 2017	3.2 km	--	--	Several explosions; minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 18 Apr; ACC remained at Orange.

According to observers about 7 km E in the city of Severo-Kurilsk, a gas-and-steam plume containing a small amount of ash rose from Ebeko on 20 October 2016 (figure 8), marking the start of its most recent eruption. The Aviation Color Code (ACC) was raised from Green to Yellow. Later that day observers noted gas, steam, and ash plumes rising from the volcano. Ground-based and satellite observations during 21-23 October indicated quiet conditions; consequently, the ACC was lowered to Green on 24 October.

Figure 8. Ash explosions from Ebeko at 2245 UTC on 19 October 2016 were photographed from Severo-Kurilsk, 7 km E of the volcano. Photo by T. Kotenko; courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

On 8-9 December 2016 the ACC was again raised to Yellow when a gas and steam plume containing a small amount of ash was observed. Ash rose from both Sredniy Crater (middle) and Severny Crater (northern) during 9-10 December (figure 9). Further ash plumes were seen during 17-27 December the ACC was raised to Orange. Minor ash was reported during 30 December 2016-6 January 2017, along with gas and steam plumes. An ash plume rose up to 2 km altitude on 19 January (figure 10), and ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 30 January. More frequent explosions took place between 24 February and 19 April 2017 (table 4). Simultaneous explosions from two craters was observed on 15 April (figure 11).

Figure 9. Explosive ash eruption from the Ebeko craters at 0116 UTC on 10 December 2016. Photo by L. Kotenko; courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

Figure 10. Ash from an explosive eruption of Ebeko on 19 January 2017 rose up to 2 km altitude. Photo by T. Kotenko; courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

Figure 11. Explosions at Ebeko generated ash plumes simultaneously from the active Severny (northern) and Sredniy (middle) craters on 15 April 2017. Photo by T. Kotenko; courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

Satellite thermal data from MODVOLC showed no thermal alerts for at least the last 10 years, and MIROVA only identified two low-power anomalies in the past year, one in late February 2017 and the other in late March 2017.

Reference: Rychagov S.N., Belousov V.I., Kotenko ?.A., and Kotenko L.V., 2010, Gas-hydrothermal system of the geothermal deposit, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010, 4 p.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/eng/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/).

March 2018 (BGVN 43:03) Cite this Report

Continuing frequent ash explosions through November 2017, typically to about 2 km altitude

Ebeko volcano is located on the remote N end of Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands and contains many craters, lakes, and thermal features. Eruptions and ash plumes were observed at Ebeko in early July 2010 (BGVN 36:07). No additional activity was reported from Ebeko until October 2016, marking the start of the more recent eruptive cycle. New explosive eruptions accompanied by ash fall began on 20 October 2016 through April 2017 (BGVN: 42:08). Explosive eruptions, ash plumes, ash falls were observed and reported at a regular frequency during this reporting period from May through November 2017 (table 5). Eruptions were reported by observations from residents in the town of Severo-Kurilsk, located about 7 km E of Ebeko, by volcanologists and by satellite imagery. The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) is responsible for monitoring Ebeko, and is the primary source of information. The Aviation Color Code (ACC) remained at Orange throughout this reporting period. This color is the second highest level of the four color scale.

Table 5. Summary of activity at Ebeko volcano from May 2017 to November 2017. Aviation Color Code (ACC) is a 4-color scale. Data courtesy of KVERT.

Date	Plume Altitude	Plume Distance	Plume Direction	Other Observations
23 Apr-26 Apr 2017	2.1 km	50 km	NE	ACC at Orange. Minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk reported on 25 April
07 May 2017	--	--	--	Satellite observation
08 May-09 May 2017	2.4-2.7 km	--	S, NE	Satellite observation
15 May 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
23-24 May 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
25 May-02 Jun 2017	--	--	--	Explosions
02 Jun-09 Jun 2017	--	--	--	Explosions
09 Jun-16 Jun 2017	--	--	--	Explosions
17, 21 Jun 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
23 Jun-30 Jun 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions, ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk reported on 24 and 26 Jun
01, 04 Jul 2017	2.6 km	--	--	Explosions
07 Jul-08 Jul 2017	1.5 km	--	--	Explosions
31 Jul 2017	--	--	--	Weak thermal anomaly
01 Aug 2017	1.6 km	--	--	Explosions
10 Aug 2017	--	--	--	Explosions
22 Aug 2017	2 km	--	SW	Explosions
28 Aug-29 Aug 2017	2.2 km	--	--	Explosions, minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk
02 Sep 2017	4 km	--	--	Explosions
03, 06-07 Sep 2017	2.1 km	--	--	Explosions, minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk
13 Sep-14 Sep 2017	2.2 km	--	--	Explosions
15 Sep-17 Sep 2017	3 km	--	--	Explosions, minor ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk
24 Sep 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
29-30 Sep, 01, 05 Oct 2017	1.5 km	--	--	Explosions
06-07, 09, 12 Oct 2017	3 km	--	--	Explosions, ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk reported on 7, 9, and 12 Oct
13-20 Oct 2017	2.5 km	--	--	Explosions
20-27 Oct 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
27 Oct-03 Nov 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
05, 07-08 Nov 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
16 Nov 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions
17-18, 20-21 Nov 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions, ashfall in Severo-Kurlisk reported on 22 Nov
25-26, 28-30 Nov 2017	2 km	--	--	Explosions, ashfall in Severo-Kurlisk reported on 28 Nov

Explosives events, bursts of ash, ashfall, and ash plumes were reported throughout this period, and were quite variable in appearance (figures 12-16). Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 25 April, 2-3, 6-7, 16, and 18 September, and 22 November. Ash plume altitudes during this reporting period ranged from 1.5 to 4 km; with the highest altitude of 4 km recorded on 2 September (table 5).

Figure 12. Ash plume from an explosive event at Ebeko on 15 May 2017. Ash plume altitude reached 2 km. Photo by L. Kotenko, courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology IVS FEB RAS.

Figure 13. Ash plume from an explosive event at Ebeko on 23 May 2017. Ash plume altitude reached 2 km. Photo by L. Kotenko, courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology IVS, FEB, RAS.

Figure 14. Ash explosions from Ebeko on 10 August 2017 as seen from Severo-Kurilsk, 7 km E. Photo by V. Rashidov, courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology IVS FEB RAS.

Figure 15. Ash bursts up to 2 km on 22 August 2017. Photo by T. Kotenk. Courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology IVS FEB RAS.

Figure 16. Active crater of Ebeko volcano on 13 September 2017. Ash plume altitude reached 2.2 km. Photo by Ivan and Nataliya Cherkashiny. Courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology IVS FEB RAS.

MIROVA only identified two low-power thermal anomalies in the past year, one in late February 2017 and the other in late March 2017. A weak thermal anomaly was reported by KVERT on 31 July 2017.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/eng/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/).

June 2018 (BGVN 43:06) Cite this Report

Ash explosions remained frequent through May 2018, with plumes typically rising more than 1 km

The most recent eruption at Ebeko, a remote volcano in the Kuril Islands, began in October 2016 (BGVN 42:08) with explosive eruptions accompanied by ashfall. Frequent ash explosions were observed through November 2017 and the eruption remained ongoing at that time (BGVN 43:03). Activity consisting of explosive eruptions, ash plumes, and ashfalls continued during December 2017 through May 2018 (table 6). Eruptions were observed by residents in Severo-Kurilsk (about 7 km E), by volcanologists, and based on satellite imagery. The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) is responsible for monitoring Ebeko, and is the primary source of information. The Aviation Color Code (ACC) remained at Orange throughout this reporting period. This color is the second highest level of the four color scale.

Table 6. Summary of activity at Ebeko volcano from December 2017 to May 2018. Aviation Color Code (ACC) is a 4-color scale. Data courtesy of KVERT

Date	Plume Altitude	Plume Distance	Plume Direction	Other observations
1-4 and 7 Dec 2017	2 km	--	--	ACC at Orange. Ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilisk. Explosions on 2-4 and 7 Dec.
8, 9, 11 Dec 2017	2.3 km	--	--	Explosions.
16, 18-19, and 21-22 Dec 2017	3.5 km	16 km	SSW	Explosions. Ash plume and weak thermal anomaly on 16 Dec.
25 Dec 2017	1.5 km	--	--	Explosion.
01-05 Jan 2018	--	--	--	No activity noted.
08-10 Jan 2018	2.5 km	--	--	Explosions.
11-12, 14-16, and 18 Jan 2018	3.1 km	--	--	Explosion. Minor ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 15,16, and 18 Jan.
22-23 Jan 2018	2 km	--	--	Explosions.
26-27 and 29-31 Jan 2018	2.5 km	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 29 Jan.
05-08 Feb 2018	2.4 km	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilisk on 8 Feb.
09-10 and 14 Feb 2018	2.2 km	--	--	Explosions.
17-18 and 20-21 Feb 2018	2.4 km	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilisk on 17-18 Feb.
23-25 and 27-28 Feb 2018	3.3 km	--	--	Explosions.
06 Mar 2018	1.7 km	--	--	Explosions.
12-13 Mar 2018	2.7 km	--	--	Explosions.
18 and 21-22 Mar 2018	1.8 km	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilisk on 17 and 21 Mar.
23-25 and 28-29 Mar 2018	2.3 km	--	--	Explosions.
31 Mar-06 Apr 2018	2.7 km	--	--	Explosions.
07 and 11-12 Apr 2018	1.8 km	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall reported in Severo-Kurilisk on 6 Apr.
15 and 17-19 Apr 2018	2.6 km	--	--	Explosions.
21 and 25 Apr 2018	2.5 km	--	--	Explosions.
01-03 May 2018	2.8 km	--	--	Explosions.
04 and 06-10 May 2018	2.4 km	--	--	Explosions.
12-14 May 2018	2.8 km	21 km	SW	Explosions. Ash plume drifted SW on 13 May.

Minor ash explosions were reported throughout the period from December 2017 through May 2018 (figure 17). Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilisk at the end of 2017 and into 2018. Ash was reported on 2-4, and 7 December 2017; 15, 16, 18, and 29 January 2018; 8, 17, and18 February; 17 and 21 March; and 6 April. Ash plume altitudes during this reporting period ranged from 1.5 to 3.5 km (table 6); the summit is at 1.1 km.

Figure 17. Explosions from Ebeko sent ash up to an altitude of 1.5 km, or about 400 m above the summit, on 6 February 2018. Courtesy of T. Kotenko (IVS FEB RAS).

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/eng/).

December 2018 (BGVN 43:12) Cite this Report

Frequent ash explosions continue during June-November 2018

Typical activity during the current eruption at Ebeko that began in October 2016 consists of numerous explosions and associated ash plumes (BGVN 43:06). The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) is responsible for monitoring this remote volcano, and has an observation site at Severo-Kurilsk, 7 km E. The current report reviews events from June through November 2018. During the reporting period, the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange, the second highest level of the four-color scale.

According to KVERT, numerous moderate explosions every month generated ash plumes (figure 18 an d19) that rose between 2.5-6 km in altitude, with most between 3 and 4.5 km (table 7). Occasionally, ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk. KVERT reported that thermal anomalies began about mid-August and continued through November.

Figure 18. Ash explosion at Ebeko on 1 August 2018. Image from video by SVERT (IMGG FEB RAS) and KB GS RAS, courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

Figure 19. Aerial photo showing an explosive eruption of Ebeko at 2322 UTC on 21 August 2018. Photo by Roskosmos (color corrected), courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

Table 7. Summary of activity at Ebeko from June-November 2018. TA is thermal anomaly, S-K is Severo-Kurilsk (7 km E of the volcano). Data courtesy of KVERT.

Date	Plume Altitude	Plume Distance	Plume Direction	Other observations
05 Jun 2018	--	8 km	E	Diffuse ash plume.
15 Jun 2018	--	14 km	SE	--
17-18 Jun 2018	2.5-3 km	--	--	Explosions.
26-27 Jun 2018	3 km	--	--	Explosions.
30 Jun-01 Jul 2018	3.2 km	57 km	SE	Explosions.
08-12 Jul 2018	4 km	37 km	W	Explosions.
13-20 Jul 2018	3.4 km	--	--	Explosions.
20-21, 25-26 Jul 2018	4 km	15 km	E	Explosions.
29 Jul-01 Aug 2018	6 km	--	--	Explosions.
03-10 Aug 2018	3.7 km	65 km	E	Explosions.
11-17 Aug 2018	4.5 km	52 km	SE	Explosions. TA on 12 Aug.
17-24 Aug 2018	5.2 km	235 km	SE	Explosions. TA on 21-23 Aug.
24-31 Aug 2018	3.6 km	135 km	SE, S, SW	Explosions. TA 24-25, 30 Aug. Ashfall on 29-30 Aug.
31 Aug-07 Sep 2018	4.5 km	75 km	N, S	Explosions. TA on 4-5 Sep.
07-13 Sep 2018	3.4 km	113 km	SE, NE	Explosions. TA on 7, 9, 12-13 Sep. Occasional incandescence on 10-13 Sep.
14-21 Sep 2018	4.2 km	80 km	E	Explosions. TA occasionally visible.
21-28 Sep 2018	4 km	68 km	SE	Explosions. TA on 23, 27 Sep.
28 Sep-05 Oct 2018	4.5 km	80 km	SW, SE, E	Explosions. TA on 27-28 Sep.
05-12 Oct 2018	4.5 km	125 km	SE	Explosions. TA on 8 Oct.
12-19 Oct 2018	4.5 km	Multiple	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K.
19-26 Oct 2018	4.7 km	80 km	E	Explosions. TA on 24 Oct. Ashfall in S-K.
26 Oct-02 Nov 2018	3.7 km	--	Multiple	Explosions. TA on 24, 29 Oct. Ashfall in S-K on 29-31 Oct.
02-09 Nov 2018	3.7 km	--	Multiple	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K.
09-15 Nov 2018	4.5 km	--	E	Explosions. Weak TA on 12-13 Nov.
15-23 Nov 2018	3.2 km	--	NE, S	Explosions.
23-30 Nov 2018	4 km	--	E	Explosions. Weak TA on 24 Nov. Ashfall in S-K on 27, 29 Nov.

Thermal anomalies, based on MODIS satellite instruments analyzed using the MODVOLC algorithm, were observed only twice during the reporting period, on 30 August and 29 September 2018. The MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) volcano hotspot detection system, also based on analysis of MODIS data, detected a few scattered anomalies, almost all of which were concentrated during the latter half of August through September. These data are consistent with KVERT's observations of thermal anomalies beginning in mid-August.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/eng/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/).

July 2019 (BGVN 44:07) Cite this Report

Continuing frequent moderate explosions though May 2019; ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk

The Ebeko volcano, located on the northern end of the Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands, consists of many craters, lakes, and thermal features and has been frequently erupting since late February 2017. Typical activity includes ash plumes, explosive eruptions, and gas-and-steam activity. The previous report through November 2018 (BGVN 43:12) described frequent ash explosions that sometimes caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk (7 km E). The primary source of information is the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT). This report updates the volcanic activity at Ebeko for December 2018 through May 2019.

Frequent moderate explosive activity continued after November 2018. Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk observed explosions sending up ash, which drifted N, NE, and E, resulting in ash falls on Severo-Kurilsk on 28 different days between December 2018 and March 2019. On 25 December 2018 an explosion sent ash up to a maximum altitude of 4.5 km and then drifted N for about 5 km. Explosions occurring on 8-10 March 2019 sent ash up to an altitude of 4 km, resulting in ashfall on Severo-Kurilsk on 9-10 March 2019. An ash plume from these explosions rose to a height of 2.5 km and drifted to a maximum distance of 30 km ENE.

Satellite data analyzed by KVERT registered 12 thermal anomalies from December 2018 through May 2019. According to satellite data analyzed by MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), only one thermal anomaly was recorded from December 2018-May 2019, and no hotspot pixels were recognized using satellite thermal data from the MODVOLC algorithm.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/).

December 2019 (BGVN 44:12) Cite this Report

Frequent moderate explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall continue through November 2019

Activity at Ebeko includes frequent explosions that have generated ash plumes reaching altitudes of 1.5-6 km over the last several years, with the higher altitudes occurring since mid-2018 (BGVN 43:03, 43:06, 43:12, 44:07). Ash frequently falls in Severo-Kurilsk (7 km ESE), which is monitored by the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT). This activity continued during June through November 2019; the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

Explosive activity during December 2018 through November 2019 often sent ash plumes to altitudes between 2.2 to 4.5 km, or heights of 1.1 to 3.4 km above the crater (table 8). Eruptions since 1967 have originated from the northern crater of the summit area (figure 20). Webcams occasionally captured ash explosions, as seen on 27 July 2019(figure 21). KVERT often reported the presence of thermal anomalies; particularly on 23 September 2019, a Sentinel-2 thermal satellite image showed a strong thermal signature at the crater summit accompanied by an ash plume (figure 22). Ashfall is relatively frequent in Severo-Kurilsk (7 km ESE) and can drift in different direction based on the wind pattern, which can be seen in satellite imagery on 30 October 2019 deposited NE and SE from the crater(figure 23).

Table 8. Summary of activity at Ebeko, December 2018-November 2019. S-K is Severo-Kurilsk (7 km ESE of the volcano). TA is thermal anomaly in satellite images. Data courtesy of KVERT.

Date	Plume Altitude (km)	Plume Distance	Plume Directions	Other Observations
30 Nov-07 Dec 2018	3.6	--	E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 1, 4 Dec.
07-14 Dec 2018	3.5	--	E	Explosions.
25 Jan-01 Feb 2019	2.3	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 27 Jan.
02-08 Feb 2019	2.3	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 4 Feb.
08-15 Feb 2019	2.5	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 11 Feb.
15-22 Feb 2019	3.6	--	--	Explosions.
22-26 Feb 2019	2.5	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 23-26 Feb.
01-02, 05 Mar 2019	--	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 1, 5 Mar.
08-10 Mar 2019	4	30 km	ENE	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 9-10 Mar.
15-19, 21 Mar 2019	4.5	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 15-16, 21 Mar.
22, 24-25, 27-28 Mar 2019	4.2	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 24-25, 27 Mar.
29-31 Mar, 01, 04 Apr 2019	3.2	--	--	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 31 Mar. TA on 31 Mar.
09 Apr 2019	2.2	--	--	Explosions.
12-15 Apr 2019	3.2	--	--	Explosions. TA on 13 Apr.
21-22, 24 Apr 2019	--	--	--	Explosions.
26 Apr-03 May 2019	3	--	--	Explosions.
04, 06-07 May 2019	3.5	--	--	Explosions. TA on 6 May.
12-13 May 2019	2.5	--	--	Explosions. TA 12-13 May.
16-20 May 2019	2.5	--	--	Explosions. TA on 16-17 May.
25-28 May 2019	3	--	--	Explosions. TA on 27-28 May.
03 Jun 2019	3	--	E	Explosions.
12 Jun 2019	--	--	--	TA.
14-15 Jun 2019	2.5	--	NW, NE	Explosions.
21-28 Jun 2019	--	--	--	TA on 23 June.
28 Jun-05 Jul 2019	4.5	--	Multiple	Explosions. TA on 29 Jun, 1 Jul.
05-12 Jul 2019	3.5	--	S	Explosions. TA on 11 Jul.
15-16 Jul 2019	2	--	S, SE	Explosions. TA on 13-16, 18 Jul.
20-26 Jul 2019	4	--	Multiple	Explosions. TA on 18, 20, 25 Jul
25-26, 29 Jul, 01 Aug 2019	2.5	--	Multiple	Explosions.
02, 04 Aug 2019	3	--	SE	Explosions. TA on 2, 4 Aug.
10-16 Aug 2019	3	--	SE	Explosions. TA on 10, 12 Aug.
17-23 Aug 2019	3	--	SE	Explosions. TA on 16 Aug.
23, 27-28 Aug 2019	3	--	E	Explosions. TA on 23 Aug.
30-31 Aug, 03-05 Sep 2019	3	--	E, SE	Explosions on 30 Aug, 3-5 Sep. TA on 30-31 Aug.
07-13 Sep 2019	3	--	S, SE, N	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 6 Sep. TA on 8 Sep.
13-15, 18 Sep 2019	2.5	--	E	Explosions. TA on 15 Sep.
22-23 Sep 2019	3	--	E, NE	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K.
27 Sep-04 Oct 2019	4	--	SE, E, NE	Explosions.
07-08, 10 Oct 2019	2.5	--	E, NE	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 4-5 Oct. Weak TA on 8 Oct.
11-18 Oct 2019	4	--	NE	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 15 Oct. Weak TA on 12 Oct.
18, 20-21, 23 Oct 2019	3	--	N, E, SE	Explosions. Weak TA on 20 Oct.
25-26, 29-30 Oct 2019	2.5	--	E, NE	Explosions. Weak TA on 29 Oct.
02-06 Nov 2019	3	--	N, E, SE	Explosions.
11-12, 14 Nov 2019	3	--	E, NE	Explosions.
15-17, 20 Nov 2019	3	--	SE, NE	Explosions.
22-23, 28 Nov 2019	2.5	--	SE, E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 23 Nov.

Figure 21. Webcam photo of an explosion and ash plume at Ebeko on 27 July 2019. Videodata by IMGG FEB RAS and KB GS RAS (color adjusted and cropped); courtesy of Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS, KVERT.

Figure 22. Satellite images showing an ash explosion from Ebeko on 23 September 2019. Top image is in natural color (bands 4, 3, 2). Bottom image is using "Atmospheric Penetration" rendering (bands 12, 11, 8A) to show a thermal anomaly in the northern crater visible around the rising plume. Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Figure 23. A satellite image of Ebeko from Sentinel-2 (LC1 natural color, bands 4, 3, 2) on 30 October 2019 showing previous ashfall deposits on the snow going in multiple directions. Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

The MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) analysis of MODIS satellite data detected four low-power thermal anomalies during the second half of July, and one each in the months of June, August, and October; no activity was recorded in September or November MODVOLC thermal alerts observed only one thermal anomaly between June through November 2019.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/eng/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground); Planet Labs, Inc. (URL: https://www.planet.com/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/).

June 2020 (BGVN 45:06) Cite this Report

Frequent moderate explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall continue, December 2019-May 2020

The current moderate explosive eruption of Ebeko has been ongoing since October 2016, with frequent ash explosions that have reached altitudes of 1.3-6 km (BGVN 42:08, 43:03, 43:06, 43:12, 44:12). Ashfall is common in Severo-Kurilsk, a town of about 2,500 residents 7 km ESE, where the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT) monitor the volcano. During the reporting period, December 2019-May 2020, the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale).

During December 2019-May 2020, frequent explosions generated ash plumes that reached altitudes of 1.5-4.6 km (table 9); reports of ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk were common. Ash explosions in late April caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk during 25-30 April (figure 24), and the plume drifted 180 km SE on the 29th. There was also a higher level of activity during the second half of May (figure 25), when plumes drifted up to 80 km downwind.

Table 9. Summary of activity at Ebeko, December 2019-May 2020. S-K is Severo-Kurilsk (7 km ESE of the volcano). TA is thermal anomaly in satellite images. In the plume distance column, only plumes that drifted more than 10 km are indicated. Dates based on UTC times. Data courtesy of KVERT.

Date	Plume Altitude (km)	Plume Distance	Plume Directions	Other Observations
30 Nov-05 Dec 2019	3	--	NE, E	Intermittent explosions.
06-13 Dec 2019	4	--	E	Explosions all week. Ashfall in S-K on 10-12 Dec.
15-17 Dec 2019	3	--	E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 16-17 Dec.
22-24 Dec 2019	3	--	NE	Explosions.
01-02 Jan 2020	3	30 km N	N	Explosions. TA over dome on 1 Jan.
03, 05, 09 Jan 2020	2.9	--	NE, SE	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 8 Jan.
11, 13-14 Jan 2020	3	--	E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K.
19-20 Jan 2020	3	--	E	Ashfall in S-K on 19 Jan.
24-31 Jan 2020	4	--	E	Explosions.
01-07 Feb 2020	3	--	E, S	Explosions all week.
12-13 Feb 2020	1.5	--	E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K.
18-19 Feb 2020	2.3	--	SE	Explosions.
21, 25, 27 Feb 2020	2.9	--	S, SE, NE	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 22 Feb.
01-02, 05 Mar 2020	2	--	S, E	Explosions.
08 Mar 2020	2.5	--	NE	Explosions.
13, 17 Mar 2020	2.5	--	NE, SE	Bursts of gas, steam, and small amount of ash.
24-25 Mar 2020	2.5	--	NE, W	Explosions.
29 Mar-02 Apr 2020	2.2	--	NE, E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 1 Apr. TA on 30-31 Mar.
04-05, 09 Apr 2020	1.5	--	NE	Explosions. TA on 5 Apr.
13 Apr 2020	2.5	--	SE	Explosions.
18, 20 Apr 2020	--	--	--	TA on 18, 20 Apr.
24 Apr-01 May 2020	3.5	180 km SE on 29 Apr	E, SE	Explosions all week. Ashfall in S-K on 25-30 Apr.
01-08 May 2020	2.6	--	E	Explosions all week. Ashfall in S-K on 3-5 May. TA on 3 May.
08-15 May 2020	4	--	E	Explosions. Ashfall in S-K on 8-12 May. TA during 12-14 May.
14-15, 19-21 May 2020	3.6	80 km SW, S, SE during 14, 20-21 May	--	Explosions. TA on same days.
22-29 May 2020	4.6	60 km SE	E, SE	Explosions all week. Ashfall in S-K on 22, 24 May.
29-31 May 2020	4.5	--	E, S	Explosions. TA on 30 May.

Figure 24. Photo of ash explosion at Ebeko at 2110 UTC on 28 April 2020, as viewed from Severo-Kurilsk. Courtesy of KVERT (L. Kotenko).

Figure 25. Satellite image of Ebeko from Sentinel-2 on 27 May 2020, showing a plume drifting SE. Image using natural color rendering (bands 4, 3, 2) courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IVS FEB RAS), 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/eng/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

December 2020 (BGVN 45:12) Cite this Report

Continued explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall; June-November 2020

Volcanism at Ebeko, located on the N end of the Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands, has been ongoing since October 2016, characterized by frequent moderate explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk (7 km ESE) (BGVN 45:05). Similar activity during this reporting period of June through November 2020 continues, consisting of frequent explosions, dense ash plumes, and occasional ashfall. Information for this report primarily comes from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT) and satellite data.

Activity during June was characterized by frequent, almost daily explosions and ash plumes that rose to 1.6-4.6 km altitude and drifted in various directions, according to KVERT reports and information from the Tokyo VAAC advisories using HIMAWARI-8 satellite imagery and KBGS (Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Service) seismic data. Satellite imagery showed persistent thermal anomalies over the summit crater. On 1 June explosions generated an ash plume up to 4.5 km altitude drifting E and S, in addition to several smaller ash plumes that rose to 2.3-3 km altitude drifting E, NW, and NE, according to KVERT VONA notices. Explosions on 11 June generated an ash plume that rose 2.6 km altitude and drifted as far as 85 km N and NW. Explosions continued during 21-30 June, producing ash plumes that rose 2-4 km altitude, drifting up to 5 km in different directions (figure 26); many of these eruptive events were accompanied by thermal anomalies that were observed in satellite imagery.

Figure 26. Photo of a dense gray ash plume rising from Ebeko on 22 June 2020. Photo by L. Kotenko (color corrected), courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

Explosions continued in July, producing ash plumes rising 2-5.2 km altitude and drifting for 3-30 km in different directions. On 3, 6, 15 July explosions generated an ash plume that rose 3-4 km altitude that drifted N, NE, and SE, resulting in ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. According to a Tokyo VAAC advisory, an eruption on 4 July produced an ash plume that rose up to 5.2 km altitude drifting S. On 22 July explosions produced an ash cloud measuring 11 x 13 km in size and that rose to 3 km altitude drifting 30 km SE. Frequent thermal anomalies were identified in satellite imagery accompanying these explosions.

In August, explosions persisted with ash plumes rising 1.7-4 km altitude drifting for 3-10 km in multiple directions. Intermittent thermal anomalies were detected in satellite imagery, according to KVERT. On 9 and 22 August explosions sent ash up to 2.5-3 km altitude drifting W, S, E, and SE, resulting in ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. Moderate gas-and-steam activity was reported occasionally during the month.

Almost daily explosions in September generated dense ash plumes that rose 1.5-4.3 km altitude and drifted 3-5 km in different directions. Moderate gas-and-steam emissions were often accompanied by thermal anomalies visible in satellite imagery. During 14-15 September explosions sent ash plumes up to 2.5-3 km altitude drifting SE and NE, resulting in ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk. On 22 September a dense gray ash plume rose to 3 km altitude and drifted S. The ash plume on 26 September was at 3.5 km altitude and drifted SE (figure 27).

Figure 27. Photos of dense ash plumes rising from Ebeko on 22 (left) and 26 (right) September 2020. Photos by S. Lakomov (color corrected), IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

During October, near-daily ash explosions continued, rising 1.7-4 km altitude drifting in many directions. Intermittent thermal anomalies were identified in satellite imagery. During 7-8, 9-10, and 20-22 October ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.

Explosions in November produced dense gray ash plumes that rose to 1.5-5.2 km altitude and drifted as far as 5-10 km, mainly NE, SE, E, SW, and ENE. According to KVERT, thermal anomalies were visible in satellite imagery throughout the month. On clear weather days on 8 and 11 November Sentinel-2 satellite imagery showed ashfall deposits SE of the summit crater from recent activity (figure 28). During 15-17 November explosions sent ash up to 3.5 km altitude drifting NE, E, and SE which resulted in ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk on 17 November. Similar ashfall was observed on 22-24 and 28 November due to ash rising to 1.8-3 km altitude (figure 29). Explosions on 29 November sent an ash plume up to 4.5 km altitude drifting E (figure 29). A Tokyo VAAC advisory reported that an ash plume drifting SSE on 30 November reached an altitude of 3-5.2 km.

Figure 28. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of a gray-white gas-and-ash plume at Ebeko on 8 (left) and 11 (right) November 2020, resulting in ashfall (dark gray) to the SE of the volcano. Images using “Natural Color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2), courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Figure 29. Photos of continued ash explosions from Ebeko on 28 October (left) and 29 November (right) 2020. Photos by S. Lakomov (left) and L. Kotenko (right), courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) analysis of MODIS satellite data shows a pulse in low-power thermal activity beginning in early June through early August (figure 30). On clear weather days, the thermal anomalies in the summit crater are observed in Sentinel-2 thermal satellite imagery, accompanied by occasional white-gray ash plumes (figure 31). Additionally, the MODVOLC algorithm detected a single thermal anomaly on 26 June.

Figure 30. A small pulse in thermal activity at Ebeko began in early June and continued through early August 2020, according to the MIROVA graph (Log Radiative Power). The detected thermal anomalies were of relatively low power but were persistent during this period. Courtesy of MIROVA.

Figure 31. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery showed gray ash plumes rising from Ebeko on 11 June (top left) and 16 July (bottom left) 2020, accompanied by occasional thermal anomalies (yellow-orange) within the summit crater, as shown on 24 June (top right) and 25 August (bottom right). The ash plume on 11 June drifted N from the summit. Images using “Natural Color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2) on 11 June (top left) and 16 July (bottom left) and the rest have “Atmospheric penetration” rendering (bands 12, 11, 8a). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Service, Russian Academy of Sciences (KB GS RAS) (URL: http://www.emsd.ru/); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan (URL: http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. of Hawai'i, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA (URL: http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

June 2021 (BGVN 46:06) Cite this Report

Frequent explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall persist during December 2020-May 2021

Ebeko is located on the N end of the Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands and consists of three summit craters aligned SSW-NNE. Its current eruption has been ongoing since October 2016 and has recently been characterized by explosions that generate ash plumes and some ashfall on the flanks (BGVN 45:12). Similar activity of near daily explosions and ash plumes continued during this reporting period of December 2020 through May 2021 based on information from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT) and satellite data.

During December 2020 frequent explosions, reported by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (7 km ESE) viewing video images, generated ash plumes to 2.1-5 km altitude that drifted as far as 10 km E, SE, NW, S, and NE. Satellite data often showed that the volcano was obscured by clouds. A thermal anomaly was noted in satellite data during 18-19 December. On 19 December an explosion produced an ash plume that rose to 4 km altitude and drifted 5 km E (figure 32).

Figure 32. Photo of a gray ash plume from Ebeko on 19 December 2020 rising to 4 km altitude. Photo by S. Lakomov (color corrected), courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

Similar activity was reported during January and February 2021, characterized by explosions and ash plumes that rose to 1.5-4.5 km altitude and drifted as far as 5 km in different directions. On 8, 20, and 24 January, and 9, 15, 20, and 26 February, ashfall was detected at Severo-Kurilsk. An explosion on 9 February produced an ash plume that rose to 3 km altitude and drifted 3-5 km N and E (figure 33). A weak thermal anomaly was reported over the volcano on 17 and 20 February.

Figure 33. Photo of a dark gray ash plume from Ebeko on 9 February 2021 rising to 3 km altitude. Photo by L. Kotenko (color corrected), courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

During March through May explosions continued with frequent explosions and ash plumes rising to 1.5-4.5 km altitude and drifting as far as 5 km in multiple directions. Ashfall was detected in Severo-Kurilsk on 2, 7-8, 12, and 24 March, and 15-16 April. On 15 March and 7 April explosions generated ash plumes up to 2 km altitude and drifted 5 km SW and SE, respectively (figure 34). Satellite data showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano on 5, 14-15, 19-20, and 23 May.

Figure 34. Photos of strong ash plumes from Ebeko on 15 March (left) and 7 April (right) 2021 rising to 2 km altitude. Photos by T. Kotenko (left color corrected), IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

According to the MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) graph (Log Radiative Power), only a single thermal anomaly was detected during early May since September 2020. Though Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery did not detect a thermal anomaly at the summit, the natural color images showed intermittent gray ash plumes drifting SE and SW and the resulting ash deposits (dark gray) on the snowy white flanks (figure 35).

Figure 35. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of ash plumes rising from Ebeko and drifting SE on 15 January (top left) and 22 May (bottom right) 2021, SW on 30 April (top right), and remaining confined to the summit on 15 May (bottom left). Ashfall (dark gray) was observed on the snowy white flanks on 30 April, 15 May, and 22 May. Images using “Natural Color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

December 2021 (BGVN 46:12) Cite this Report

Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall during June-November 2021

Ebeko occupies the N end of Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands, consisting of three summit craters. Recorded eruptions since the late 18th century have been restricted to small-to-moderate explosions from the summit craters, as well as intense fumarolic activity. The current eruption period began during October 2016 and more recently has been characterized by frequent explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall (BGVN 46:06). This report covers activity during June through November 2021, describing similar activity of explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall, based on information from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), and satellite data.

Frequent explosions were reported by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (7 km E) during June and generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5-4.5 km altitude and drifted in different directions. A thermal anomaly was detected in satellite images on 2 and 10 June. An ash plume on 4 June rose to 3-3.4 km altitude and drifted SE, based on information from a Tokyo VAAC notice. Another ash plume on 6 June rose to 3.7 km altitude and extended NE. Volcanologists from Severo-Kurilsk reported an explosion that ejected ash to 4 km altitude that drifted 5 km NE on 11 June. The next day, on 12 June an explosion produced an ash plume that rose to 2-3 km altitude and drifted 6 km NE. On 22 June an ash plume rose to 2.2 km altitude and drifted 3 km SE.

Similar activity continued into July, with ash rising to 1.8-4.5 km altitude and drifting in multiple directions. A thermal anomaly was detected in satellite imagery during 5-7, 10, 12, 16, 20-22, and 25 July. An explosion on 4 July produced an ash plume that rose to 3.7 km altitude and drifted S (figure 36). On 10 July an explosion generated an ash plume that rose to 3 km altitude and drifted 5 km E. Explosions during 12-13 July produced ash plumes that rose to 2.5-3 km altitude and extended 3-5 km E and SE. On 29 July an explosion generated an ash plume that rose to 2 km altitude and drifted as far as 10 km S.

Figure 36. Photo of an explosion at Ebeko on 4 July 2021, accompanied by a strong ash plume. Photo by M. Shchekleina, M.V. Lomonosov MGU, courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

Explosions persisted in August and the resulting ash plumes rose to 1.8-4.6 km altitude and drifted in different directions. On 7 August an explosion rose to 2 km altitude and drifted 3 km SE. An explosion on 25 August produced an ash plume that rose to 3.7 km altitude and drifted 10 km SE. A thermal anomaly was reported in satellite images on 1, 6, 9, 11, 13-14, 20, and 23-25 August. On 25 August an explosion generated an ash plume that rose to 3.7 km altitude and drifted 10 km SE (figure 37).

Figure 37. Photo of the explosion at Ebeko on 25 August 2021, which produced an ash plume that rose to 3.7 km altitude and drifted 10 km SE. Photo by D. Sytnik, courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

Explosions in September produced ash plumes that rose to 1.3-2.5 km altitude and drifted in different directions. On 6 and 8 September ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk. During the latter half of September, moderate gas-and-steam plumes were observed, which persisted into October. According to a KVERT weekly report, an explosion on 10 October produced an ash plume that rose to 2.5 km altitude and drifted NE. However, the plume could not be confirmed in satellite or webcam images. On 22 October KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code (ACC) to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale), noting that the last visible thermal anomaly over the volcano occurred on 25 August.

A strong explosion was reported at 2340 on 25 October, based on HIMAWARI-8 satellite data. The explosion sent an ash plume up to 6.2 km altitude, which extended for 230 km to the E and later drifted to the SE. In addition, a thermal anomaly was noted over the volcano. Notable ashfall was reported at Severo-Kurilsk. Another explosion on 31 October generated an ash plume that rose to 1.8 km altitude and drifted 5 km NE.

During November, with ash plumes rising to 1.4-2.6 km altitude, in addition to moderate gas-and-steam plumes. On 2 November an ash plume rose to 2.6 km altitude and drifted SE. Explosions were also detected each day during 5-9 November, with ash plumes rising as high as 2.3 km altitude and drifting SE and E. On 7 November volcanologists from Severo-Kurilsk reported an explosion sending ash up to 2.2 km altitude that drifted 5 km NE. On 26 November KVERT lowered the Aviation Color Code (ACC) to Yellow (the second lowest on a four-color scale), noting that although gas-and-steam plumes persisted, the last recorded eruptive activity occurred on 9 November.

According to MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) data, four thermal pixels were detected between June and August 2021 (figure 38). During this time, Sentinel-2 natural color satellite images showed ash plumes and ashfall (dark gray) on the flanks resulting from frequent explosions at the summit (figure 39).

Figure 38. Four thermal anomalies were detected at Ebeko (red dots) during June through August 2021 as recorded by the Sentinel-2 MODIS Thermal Volcanic Activity data (bands 12, 11, 8A). Courtesy of MIROVA.

Figure 39. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of ash plumes and ash deposits from Ebeko on 4 June (top left), 4 July (top right), 5 August (bottom left), and 27 October (bottom right) 2021. Ashfall (dark gray) is visible on the flanks in each of these images. Ash plumes drifted NE on 4 June and 27 October, and SE on 5 August. Images using “Natural Color” rendering (bands 4, 3, 2). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan (URL: http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vaac/data/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

October 2022 (BGVN 47:10) Cite this Report

Intermittent explosions, ash plumes, and thermal activity during June-September 2022

Ebeko is located on the N end of Paramushir Island in the Kuril Islands and consists of three summit craters. Eruptions dating back to the late 18th century have been characterized as small-to-moderate explosions from the summit crater, accompanied by intense fumarolic activity. The previous eruption period consisted of intermittent explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall that ended in November 2021 (BGVN 46:12). This reporting period during December 2021 through September 2022 covers a new eruption that began in June 2022 and consisted of similar intermittent explosions, ash plumes, and thermal activity, based on information from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT) and satellite data.

Activity during early December 2021 consisted of ongoing moderate gas-and-steam activity after the eruption that ended in November 2021. No significant activity was observed until 12 June 2022 when small phreatic bursts were detected, along with moderate explosions that generated ash up to 2.5 km altitude (figure 40). As a result, the Aviation Color Code (ACC) was raised to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 17 June. Explosions on 18 and 22-23 June sent ash plumes to 2.5 km altitude, which drifted S, SE, and NE. A thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images on 22 June. At 1510 on 24 June an ash plume rose to 2.5 km altitude and drifted 5 km SE, which prompted KVERT to increase the ACC to Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). During 24-25 and 30 June explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3.5 km altitude and drifted NW, NE, and SE.

Figure 40. Photo of a phreatic explosion at Ebeko with an ash plume rising 300-400 m above the crater on 12 June 2022. Image has been color corrected. Photo by D. Ermolaev, courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

According to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island, about 7 km E) explosions continued during July, generating ash plumes that rose to 2.7-3 km altitude and drifted E on 3 July; a thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images. On 7 July explosions produced ash plumes that rose to 1.8 km altitude and drifted SE as far as 5 km. During 10-11 and 13 July explosions sent ash plumes to 1.5-2.8 km altitude and drifted SE and satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano. According to observers, an explosion at 1740 local time on 16 July produced an ash plume that rose to 4.5 km altitude and drifted 5 km SE. On 27 July an explosion generated an ash plume that rose to 2.5 km altitude and drifted 10 km N (figure 41). Subsequent explosions during 28-30 July generated ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude that drifted SE and S.

Figure 41. Photo of an ash plume from Ebeko on 26 July 2022 (UTC) that rose to 2.5 km altitude and drifted 10 km N. Image has been color corrected. Photo by D. Melnikov, courtesy of IVS FEB RAS, KVERT.

Explosive activity and ash plumes continued during August. A thermal anomaly over the volcano was identified in satellite images on 1, 3-5, and 7-8 August. Webcam images from Severo-Kurilsk showed explosions that generated ash plumes to 2-3.5 that drifted as far as 3 km SE during 4-5 and 7-8 August (figure 42). A thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images on 13, 18-19, 22, and 25 August. During 15-18 August explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3.5 km altitude. During 17-18 August ash plumes drifted more than 65 km SE and 5 km NE. Explosions during 19, 22-26, 28, and 30-31 August produced an ash plume that rose to 3.5 km altitude and drifted N, E, and NE. Thermal anomalies were visible in satellite images on 25 and 31 August. Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk on 30 August.

Figure 42. Photo of an explosive event at Ebeko on 7 August 2022 (UTC) with a strong ash plume. Image has been color corrected. Photo by L. Kotenko, courtesy of IVS FEB RAS.

Ongoing moderate explosions continued through September, according to volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk. Thermal anomalies were visible in satellite images during 3, 5-8, 12-13, and 18 September. During 4-5 September explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 4 km altitude and drifted as far as 50 km E and SE. On 5 and 7-8 September explosions produced ash plumes that rose to 3 km and 2-2.5 altitude and drifted 5 km SE and NNE, respectively. During 9-11 September explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 1.9-3.6 km altitude and drifted 5-7 km NNE and E. Similar explosions during 22-24 and 27-28 September produced ash plumes that rose to 3.5 km altitude and drifted E and N. As a result, ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 9-10 and 20-23 September. On 23 and 28 September webcam images showed an explosion that produced an ash plume to 2.7 km and 1.9 altitude and drifted 5 km E, respectively. Ashfall was also reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 28 September. A thermal anomaly was visible on 23 and 28 September in satellite data.

According to MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) data, four low-power thermal anomalies were detected during late July and early to mid-August 2022 (figure 43). This thermal activity, also seen in Sentinel-2 infrared satellite images, was sometimes accompanied by ash plumes that drifted SE and SW from the summit due to frequent explosions (figure 44).

Figure 43. Four low-power thermal anomalies were detected at Ebeko during late July and early to mid-August 2022 as recorded by the MIROVA graph (Log Radiative Power). Courtesy of MIROVA.

Figure 44. Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery showing occasional thermal anomalies at the summit of Ebeko on 16 July 2022 (top left), 8 August 2022 (top right), 9 September 2022 (bottom left), and 27 September 2022 (bottom right). This activity was sometimes accompanied by a visible ash plume, as shown on 16 July and 8 August, which drifted SE and SW, respectively. Images use Atmospheric penetration rendering (bands 12, 22, 8A). Courtesy of Sentinel Hub Playground.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Sentinel Hub Playground (URL: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/explore/sentinel-playground).

June 2023 (BGVN 48:06) Cite this Report

Continued explosions, ash plumes, and ashfall during October 2022-May 2023

Figure 45. Photo of an ash plume rising to 2.7 km altitude above Ebeko on 26 November 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Photo by L. Kotenko, IVS FEB RAS.

Figure 46. Photo of an explosive event at Ebeko at 1109 on 2 December 2022. Photo has been color corrected. Photo by S. Lakomov, IVS FEB RAS.

Figure 47. Photo of a strong ash plume rising to 4 km altitude from an explosive event on 10 January 2023 (local time). Photo by L. Kotenko, IVS FEB RAS.

Figure 48. Photo of an ash cloud rising to 3.5 km altitude at Ebeko on 6 April 2023. The cloud extended up to 12 km SW and E. Photo has been color corrected. Photo by L. Kotenko, IVS FEB RAS.

Information Contacts: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team (KVERT), Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Piip Blvd., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683006, Russia (URL: http://www.kscnet.ru/ivs/kvert/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Copernicus Browser, Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, European Space Agency (URL: https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/browser/).

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Neozhidannyi

Cone

Nezametnyi

Cone

Poplovaya

Vent

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Sredniy

Crater

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

290380

2024 CE

1,103 m / 3,619 ft

50.686°N
156.014°E

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
267
1,076
3,098

Geological Summary

The flat-topped summit of the central cone of Ebeko volcano, one of the most active in the Kuril Islands, occupies the northern end of Paramushir Island. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line form Ebeko volcano proper, at the northern end of a complex of five volcanic cones. Blocky lava flows extend west from Ebeko and SE from the neighboring Nezametnyi cone. The eastern part of the southern crater contains strong solfataras and a large boiling spring. The central crater is filled by a lake about 20 m deep whose shores are lined with steaming solfataras; the northern crater lies across a narrow, low barrier from the central crater and contains a small, cold crescentic lake. Historical activity, recorded since the late-18th century, has been restricted to small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters. Intense fumarolic activity occurs in the summit craters, on the outer flanks of the cone, and in lateral explosion craters.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Braitseva O A, Melekestsev I V, Ponomareva V V, Sulerzhitsky L D, 1995. Ages of calderas, large explosive craters and active volcanoes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region, Russia. Bull Volcanol, 57: 383-402.

Gorshkov G S, 1958. Kurile Islands. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 7: 1-99.

Gorshkov G S, 1970. Volcanism and the Upper Mantle; Investigations in the Kurile Island Arc. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp, 385 p.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Melekestsev I V, Dvigalo V N, Kiryanov V Y, Kurbatov A V, Nesmachnyi I A, 1994. Ebeko volcano, Kuril Islands: eruptive history and potential volcanic hazards, Part II. Volc Seism, 15: 411-430 (English translation).

Menyailov I A, Nikitina L P, Budnikov V A, 1992. Activity of Ebeko volcano in 1987-1991: character of eruptions, composition of erupted material, volcanic hazard for Severo-Kurilsk. Volc Seism, 1992(5-6): 21-33 (English translation 1993, 14: 515-531).

Eruptive History

There is data available for 20 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

2022 Jun 11 - 2024 Oct 17 (continuing) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

2022 Jun 11 - 2024 Oct 17 (continuing)

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	2022 Jun 24	2022 Jun 25	Explosion	Ash plumes rose to 3.5 km altitude and drifted NW, NE, and SE.
	2022 Jun 28	2022 Jun 30	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 2

2016 Oct 20 - 2021 Nov 9 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Sredniy Crater (middle part) and Severny Crater (N part)

2016 Oct 20 - 2021 Nov 9

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 576 Events for Episode 1 at Sredniy Crater (middle part) and Severny Crater (N part)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
2016 Oct 20	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, a gas-and-steam plume continuing ash rose to an altitude of 1.5 km and drifted 15 km ENE. Later that day observers noted gas, steam, and ash plumes rising 1.3-1.4 km and drifting 10 km NE.
2016 Oct 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 2300 UTC on 19 October the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption reported at 2230 UTC with ash extending ENE at 1.2 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable from satellite data.
2016 Oct 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption reported at 0210 UTC with ash extending NE at 1.5 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2016 Dec 8	2016 Dec 10	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, a gas-and-steam plume containing a small amount of ash rose to an altitude of 1.5 km and drifted 6 km N during 8-9 December. During 9-10 December gas-and-steam plumes with minor amounts of ash rose from two vents, in Sredniy Crater (middle part) and Severny Crater (N part), to altitudes of 1.8-1.9 km and drifted 4-5 km NW.
2016 Dec 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0610 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption with ash reported at 0614 UTC extending N at 1.5 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2016 Dec 17	2016 Dec 20	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, gas-and-steam plumes containing a small amount of ash rose to an altitude of 1.5 km and drifted 8 km N and NE on 17 and 20 December.
2016 Dec 18 (in or after)	2016 Dec 22 (in or before)	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2016 Dec 23	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported minor ashfall was noted in Severo-Kurilsk.
2016 Dec 24	2016 Dec 27	Explosion	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions at Ebeko produced ash plumes during 24-27 December that rose to an altitude of 2.5 km.
2016 Dec 24 (in or after)	2016 Dec 27 (in or before)	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions at Ebeko produced ash plumes during 24-27 December that rose to an altitude of 2.5 km.
2016 Dec 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported minor ashfall was noted in Severo-Kurilsk.
2016 Dec 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0000 UTC on 27 December the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption with ash reported at 2357 UTC on 26 December at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2016 Dec 30	2017 Jan 6	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that gas-and-steam plumes sometimes containing minor amounts of ash were emitted.
2017 Jan 19	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, ash plumes rose to an altitude of 2 km and drifted 3 km SW.
2017 Jan 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0040 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption reported at 2100 UTC on 19 January with ash extending SW at 2.1 km altitude. By 0520 UTC on 20 January ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2017 Jan 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0000 UTC on 20 January the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption reported at 0004 UTC with ash extending SW at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Jan 20	2017 Jan 27	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that moderate gas-and-steam emissions possibly containing small amounts of ash may have continued.
2017 Jan 27	2017 Feb 3	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that moderate gas-and-steam emissions possibly containing small amounts of ash continued at Ebeko during 27 January-3 February.
2017 Jan 30	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Feb 24	2017 Mar 2	Explosion	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions on 24, 26, and 27 February and 2 March produced ash plumes that rose as high as an altitude of 2.5 km.
2017 Feb 24	2017 Mar 3	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that, according to observers in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, explosions on 24, 26, and 27 February and 2 March produced ash plumes that rose as high as an altitude of 2.5 km.
2017 Feb 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, UHPP, and KVERT information, at 0600 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted an eruption reported at 0443 UTC with ash extending N at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Mar 3	2017 Mar 10	Explosion	KVERT reported that there were 15 explosions observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Mar 10	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that several explosions observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, generated plumes that rose to an altitude of 1.6 km.
2017 Mar 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that several explosions at observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, generated plumes that rose to an altitude of 1.6 km.
2017 Mar 20	2017 Mar 22	Explosion	KVERT reported that several explosions observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, generated plumes that rose to altitudes of 1.7-1.8 km.
2017 Mar 20	2017 Mar 22	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that several explosions at observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E, generated plumes that rose to altitudes of 1.7-1.8 km.
2017 Mar 21	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Mar 24	2017 Mar 31	Explosion	KVERT reported that several explosions per day were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Mar 24	2017 Mar 31	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes rose to altitudes of 1.5-3.4 km.
2017 Mar 26	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Apr 4	2017 Apr 6	Explosion	KVERT reported that several explosions were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Apr 4	2017 Apr 6	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that sash plumes rose as high as 4 km.
2017 Apr 4	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 2
2017 Apr 6	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Apr 7	2017 Apr 14	Explosion	KVERT reported that several explosions were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Apr 7	2017 Apr 14	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes rose as high as 2.6 km.
2017 Apr 12	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Apr 14	2017 Apr 19	Explosion	KVERT reported that on 14, 16, and 19 April several explosions were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Apr 14	2017 Apr 19	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that on 14, 16, and 19 April ash plumes rose as high as 3.2 km.
2017 Apr 15	- - - -	Explosion	Explosions at Ebeko generated ash plumes simultaneously from the active Severny (northern) and Sredniy (middle) craters.
2017 Apr 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Explosions generated ash plumes simultaneously from the active Severny (northern) and Sredniy (middle) craters.
2017 Apr 18	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Apr 23	2017 Apr 26	Explosion	KVERT reported that several explosions were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 Apr 23	2017 Apr 26	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes rose as high as 2.1 km.
2017 Apr 25	- - - -	Ashfall	Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 May 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that an ash plume was identified in satellite images drifting about 50 km NE.
2017 May 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2010 UTC on 7 May the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1930 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed on satellite imagery moving NE at 2.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC on 8 May ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2017 May 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0620 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0550 UTC with ash extending S at 2.4 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 May 15	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that explosions at were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 May 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 May 23	2017 May 24	Explosion	KVERT reported that explosions were observed by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E.
2017 May 23	2017 May 24	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 May 25	2017 Jun 2	Explosion	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosive activity continued.
2017 Jun 2	2017 Jun 16	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island) about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosive activity continued.
2017 Jun 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0720 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0630 UTC with ash extending W at 2.4 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Jun 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0440 UTC with ash extending S at 2.7 km altitude. At 0820 UTC ash was continuously observed on satellite imagery. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2017 Jun 17	2017 Jun 21	Explosion	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosions on 17 and 21 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Jun 17	2017 Jun 21	Ash Plume	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, KVERT reported that explosions on 17 and 21 June generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Jun 23	2017 Jun 30	Explosion	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Jun 23	2017 Jun 30	Ash Plume	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Jun 24	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Jun 26	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Jul 1	2017 Jul 4	Explosion	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 1 and 4 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.6 km altitude.
2017 Jul 1	2017 Jul 4	Ash Plume	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions on 1 and 4 July generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.6 km altitude.
2017 Jul 7	2017 Jul 8	Explosion	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km altitude.
2017 Jul 7	2017 Jul 8	Ash Plume	Based on observations by residents of Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km altitude.
2017 Jul 31	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that satellite images showed a weak thermal anomaly over the volcano.
2017 Aug 1	- - - -	Explosion	Volcanologists working at Kambalny (90 km NE) observed explosions generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.6 km altitude.
2017 Aug 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Volcanologists working at Kambalny (90 km NE) observed explosions generating ash plumes that rose as high as 1.6 km altitude.
2017 Aug 10	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that explosive activity continued.
2017 Aug 22	- - - -	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude and drifted SW.
2017 Aug 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude and drifted SW.
2017 Aug 28	2017 Aug 29	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km altitude.
2017 Aug 28	2017 Aug 29	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km altitude.
2017 Aug 28	- - - -	Ashfall	Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Sep 2	- - - -	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 4 km altitude.
2017 Sep 2	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0042 UTC with ash extending E at 3.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Sep 2	2017 Sep 7	Ashfall	Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk during 2-3 and 6-7 September.
2017 Sep 3	2017 Sep 7	Explosion	Explosions during 3 and 6-7 September produced ash plumes that rose to 2.1 km altitude.
2017 Sep 3	2017 Sep 7	Ash Plume	Explosions during 3 and 6-7 September produced ash plumes that rose to 2.1 km altitude.
2017 Sep 13	2017 Sep 14	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 2.2 km altitude.
2017 Sep 13	2017 Sep 14	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 2.2 km altitude.
2017 Sep 15	2017 Sep 17	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3 km altitude.
2017 Sep 15	2017 Sep 17	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 3 km altitude.
2017 Sep 16	2017 Sep 18	Ashfall	Minor amounts of ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 16 and 18 September.
2017 Sep 24	- - - -	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 2 km altitude.
2017 Sep 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose to 2 km altitude.
2017 Sep 29	2017 Oct 5	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 29-30 September and 1 and 5 October generated ash plumes that rose to 1.5 km altitude.
2017 Sep 29	2017 Oct 5	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 29-30 September and 1 and 5 October generated ash plumes that rose to 1.5 km altitude.
2017 Oct 6	2017 Oct 12	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 6-7, 9, and 12 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km altitude.
2017 Oct 6	2017 Oct 12	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 6-7, 9, and 12 October generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3 km altitude.
2017 Oct 7	2017 Oct 12	Ashfall	Ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk on 7, 9, and 12 October.
2017 Oct 13	2017 Oct 20	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2017 Oct 13	2017 Oct 20	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2017 Oct 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 2230 UTC on 17 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2217 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Oct 20	2017 Nov 3	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Oct 20	2017 Nov 3	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Oct 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, and KBGS information, at 0610 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0519 UTC with ash at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Oct 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0239 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Oct 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0053 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Nov 5	2017 Nov 8	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 5 and 7-8 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Nov 5	2017 Nov 8	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 5 and 7-8 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Nov 16	2017 Nov 21	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 16-18 and 20-21 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Nov 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2250 UTC on 15 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2103 UTC with ash extending N at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data. By 0020 UTC on 16 November ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2017 Nov 16	2017 Nov 21	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 16-18 and 20-21 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Nov 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0020 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0028 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. At 0100 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable on satellite imagery.
2017 Nov 22	- - - -	Ashfall	Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Nov 25	2017 Nov 30	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 25-26 and 28-30 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Nov 25	2017 Nov 30	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 25-26 and 28-30 November generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Nov 28	- - - -	Ashfall	Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2017 Dec 1	2017 Dec 7	Ashfall	Ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk during 1-4 and 7 December.
2017 Dec 2	2017 Dec 7	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 2-5 and 7 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Dec 2	2017 Dec 7	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 2-5 and 7 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2017 Dec 8	2017 Dec 11	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 8-9 and 11 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km altitude.
2017 Dec 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2300 UTC on 7 December with ash extending E at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Dec 8	2017 Dec 11	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions during 8-9 and 11 December generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km altitude.
2017 Dec 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that an ash plume was identified in satellite images drifting about 15 km SSW.
2017 Dec 16	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible.
2017 Dec 18	2017 Dec 22	Explosion	Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed ash plumes from explosions rising as high as 3.5 km altitude during 18-19 and 21-22 December.
2017 Dec 18	2017 Dec 22	Ash Plume	Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed ash plumes from explosions rising as high as 3.5 km altitude during 18-19 and 21-22 December.
2017 Dec 19	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0020 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0017 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2017 Dec 25	- - - -	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km altitude.
2017 Dec 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.5 km altitude.
2018 Jan 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0400 UTC with ash extending ESE at 1.8 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jan 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0148 UTC with ash extending WNW at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jan 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, and KVERT information, at 2350 UTC on 8 January the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2255 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jan 11	2018 Jan 12	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.1 km.
2018 Jan 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2350 UTC on 11 January the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2318 UTC with ash extending NW at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jan 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0030 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2323 UTC on 11 January with ash extending E at 3.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jan 14	2018 Jan 16	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.1 km altitude.
2018 Jan 14	2018 Jan 16	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.1 km altitude.
2018 Jan 15	2018 Jan 16	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Jan 18	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.1 km altitude.
2018 Jan 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.1 km altitude.
2018 Jan 18	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that minor ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Jan 22	2018 Jan 23	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km altitude.
2018 Jan 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2210 UTC on 21 January the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2112 UTC with ash extending N at 1.8 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jan 26	2018 Jan 27	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2018 Jan 26	2018 Jan 27	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2018 Jan 29	2018 Jan 31	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2018 Jan 29	2018 Jan 31	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2018 Jan 29	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Jan 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0350 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0346 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 5	2018 Feb 8	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Feb 5	2018 Feb 8	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Feb 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and UHPP information, at 0200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0150 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 8	- - - -	Ashfall	According to KVERT ash fell in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Feb 9	2018 Feb 10	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km altitude.
2018 Feb 9	2018 Feb 10	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km altitude.
2018 Feb 14	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km altitude.
2018 Feb 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.2 km altitude.
2018 Feb 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0650 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0642 UTC with ash extending N at 2.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 17	2018 Feb 18	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Feb 17	2018 Feb 18	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Feb 17	2018 Feb 18	Ashfall	According to KVERT ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Feb 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0040 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0037 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 20	2018 Feb 21	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Feb 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0140 UTC with ash extending N at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 23	2018 Feb 25	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.3 km altitude.
2018 Feb 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0014 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 2200 UTC on 23 February the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2142 UTC with ash extending E at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0250 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2310 UTC on 24 February the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2314 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Feb 27	2018 Feb 28	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.3 km altitude.
2018 Feb 27	2018 Feb 28	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 3.3 km altitude.
2018 Mar 6	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.7 km altitude.
2018 Mar 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.7 km altitude.
2018 Mar 12	2018 Mar 13	Explosion	Based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.7 km altitude.
2018 Mar 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0040 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2340 UTC on 12 March with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC on 13 March ash was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Mar 17	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT noted that ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Mar 18	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Mar 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Mar 19	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0330 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0317 UTC with ash extending NNE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Mar 21	2018 Mar 22	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Mar 21	2018 Mar 22	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Mar 21	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT noted that ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Mar 23	2018 Mar 25	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km altitude.
2018 Mar 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0220 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0028 UTC with ash at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Mar 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2010 UTC on 24 March the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2005 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Mar 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0210 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0211 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Mar 28	2018 Mar 29	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.3 km altitude.
2018 Mar 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2140 UTC on 27 March the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2128 UTC with ash extending NNE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Mar 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2210 UTC on 29 March the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2153 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Mar 31	2018 Apr 6	Explosion	KVERT reported that based on observations by volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2.7 km altitude.
2018 Mar 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0420 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0424 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Apr 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2240 UTC on 4 April the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2217 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Apr 6	- - - -	Ashfall	According to KVERT, ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Apr 7	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Apr 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Apr 11	2018 Apr 12	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Apr 11	2018 Apr 12	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 1.8 km altitude.
2018 Apr 15	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.6 km altitude.
2018 Apr 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0220 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0208 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Apr 17	2018 Apr 19	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.6 km altitude.
2018 Apr 17	2018 Apr 19	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.6 km altitude.
2018 Apr 21	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2018 Apr 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0040 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2326 UTC on 20 April with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Apr 25	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.5 km altitude.
2018 Apr 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0030 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0015 UTC with ash extending SE at 1.8 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 1	2018 May 3	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.8 km altitude.
2018 May 2	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0232 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 2	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0530 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0534 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 3	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0540 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0534 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 4	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions at Ebeko that sent ash plumes as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 May 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0230 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0225 UTC with ash extending ESE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 6 (in or after)	2018 May 10 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions at Ebeko that sent ash plumes as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 May 6 (in or after)	2018 May 10 (in or before)	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions at Ebeko that sent ash plumes as high as 2.4 km altitude.
2018 May 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2120 UTC on 6 May the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1950 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2230 UTC on 6 May the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2228 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2320 UTC on 8 May the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2325 UTC with ash extending S at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0040 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0042 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0350 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0352 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 12 (in or after)	2018 May 14 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.8 km altitude.
2018 May 12 (in or after)	2018 May 14 (in or before)	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 2.8 km altitude. Ash plumes drifted about 20 km SW on 13 May.
2018 May 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2110 UTC on 12 May the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2118 UTC with ash extending SW at 1.8 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0140 UTC with ash extending SW at 2.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 May 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1830 UTC on 23 May the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1800 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Part of the ash was obscured by meteoric clouds. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery.
2018 May 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0402 UTC with ash extending N at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2330 UTC on 28 May the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2335 UTC with ash extending S at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0420 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2350 UTC on 28 May with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 May 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0500 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0430 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude.
2018 May 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0620 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0540 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. New ash was observed in satellite imagery. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2110 UTC on 3 June the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2110 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. At 2140 UTC ash was observed in satellite data. By 2320 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0450 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0252 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable from satellite data.
2018 Jun 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0040 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2306 UTC on 4 June with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable from satellite data.
2018 Jun 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0210 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0110 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable from satellite data. KVERT reported that a diffuse ash plume drifting 8 km E of Ebeko was identified in satellite images.
2018 Jun 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2300 UTC on 5 June the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2258 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable from satellite data.
2018 Jun 9	2018 Jun 10	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1130 UTC with ash extending SE at 1.8 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2310 UTC on 9 June with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jun 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0130 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jun 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0230 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0200 UTC with ash extending SW at 2.7 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SW at 2.7 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite data. KVERT reported that an ash plume was visible in satellite images drifting 14 km SE.
2018 Jun 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1440 UTC on 15 June the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1410 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 15 June the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1925 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jun 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0400 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0343 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. At 0420 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0600 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0552 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. A new eruption was reported. At 0650 UTC ash extended S at 3.0 km altitude in satellite imagery. By 1120 UTC ash was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 17	2018 Jun 18	Explosion	KVERT reported that video data from SVERT and KBGS RAS (Kamchatka Branch, Geophysical Service, Russian Academy of Sciences) showed ash explosions that sent ash plumes to 2.5-3 km altitude.
2018 Jun 17	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0420 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0425 UTC with ash extending SW at 2.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jun 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0050 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0044 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jun 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0450 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0450 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.4 km altitude. At 0610 UTC ash was identified in satellite imagery. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 26	2018 Jun 27	Explosion	KVERT noted that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 3 km altitude.
2018 Jun 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0000 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2310 UTC on 25 June with ash extending SW at 2.4 km altitude. By 0400 UTC the ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0400 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0330 UTC with ash extending SW at 2.1 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2010 UTC on 26 June the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1942 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was possibly continuously observed in satellite imagery; some part of the ash was obscured by meteoric clouds. By 0140 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0150 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. At 0200 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 2.7 km altitude. At 0410 UTC ash was observed moving NE at 2.7 km altitude. At 0450 UTC ash ws observed moving NE at 2.7 km altitude. By 0820 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Jun 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and KBGS information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0420 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. At 0450 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending E at 3.0 km altitude. At 0820 UTC ash emissions were continuing moving E at 3.0 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash emissions were continuing moving NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jun 30	2018 Jul 1	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 3.2 km altitude. Satellite data showed ash plumes drifting 57 km SE on 1 July.
2018 Jul 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2100 UTC on 30 June the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1940 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. At 2230 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 2310 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. By 0050 UTC on 1 July ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 2230 UTC on 30 June the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2228 UTC with ash extending SSE at 1.8 km altitude. At 2310 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending S at 1.8 km altitude. At 0050 UTC on 1 July ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 1.8 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0050 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0002 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.4 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.4 km altitude; some part of the ash was obscured by meteoric clouds. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 7	2018 Jul 8	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1420 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1350 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 8	2018 Jul 12	Explosion	Volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 4 km altitiute.
2018 Jul 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0202 UTC with ash extending S at 3.4 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0610 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0550 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. At 0830 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 3.9 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 3.9 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2030 UTC on 8 July the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1836 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 2100 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 2120 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery. By 0520 UTC on 9 July ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2120 UTC on 8 July the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2110 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery. By 0520 UTC on 9 July ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0523 UTC with ash extending S at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data. KVERT reported that satellite data showed ash plumes drifting 37 km W during 10-11 July.
2018 Jul 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2110 UTC on 10 July the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2000 UTC with ash extending S at 2.7 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SW at 2.7 km altitude. By 0530 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0530 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0420 UTC with ash extending WSW at 3.0 km altitude. By 0930 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0930 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0900 UTC with ash extending W at 3.7 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving W at 3.7 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2130 UTC on 11 July the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2052 UTC with ash extending WSW at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 13	2018 Jul 20	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 13-20 July that sent ash plumes as high as 3.4 km altitude.
2018 Jul 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2130 UTC on 13 July the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2133 UTC with ash extending S at 2.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0030 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0037 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. At 0120 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0416 UTC with ash extending WSW at 1.8 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 19	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0340 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0338 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 20	2018 Jul 21	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 4 km altitude. An ash plume drifting about 15 km E was identified in satellite images on 20 July.
2018 Jul 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP, and KBGS information, at 0005 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0005 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0200 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. By 0440 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0440 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0400 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. By 0820 UTC ash was possibly continuously observed in satellite imagery. Ash was obscured by meteoric clouds. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0440 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0452 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 25	2018 Jul 26	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 4 km altitude.
2018 Jul 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0210 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0214 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0530 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0446 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Jul 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0900 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0700 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.4 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 29	2018 Jul 31	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 6 km altitude.
2018 Jul 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2210 UTC on 28 July the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2202 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 2240 UTC ash was detected in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0220 UTC on 29 July ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2020 UTC on 29 July the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1930 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Jul 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0430 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0438 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 1	- - - -	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 6 km altitude.
2018 Aug 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 6 km altitude.
2018 Aug 3 (in or after)	2018 Aug 10 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Aug 3	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0820 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0750 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 3	2018 Aug 4	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1400 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1250 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0500 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0456 UTC with ash extending SSE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1320 UTC on 5 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1300 UTC with ash extending N at 3.0 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2020 UTC on 5 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2020 UTC with ash extending SSE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 6	2018 Aug 7	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0850 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0810 UTC with ash extending S at 2.7 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery. By 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1830 UTC on 6 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1740 UTC with ash extending NW at 2.7 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 7	2018 Aug 8	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0050 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2350 UTC on 6 August with ash extending NW at 3.7 km altitude. At 0520 UTC on 7 August ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude. At 0750 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude. At 1030 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude. At 1420 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash was no longer identifiable moving S at 3.7 km altitude. KVERT reported an ash cloud identified in satellite data drifted about 65 km E during 7-8 August.
2018 Aug 7	2018 Aug 8	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0750 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0600 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. At 1030 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 1420 UTC ash emissions were continuing, observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash emissions were continuing, observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1840 UTC ash moving S at 3.0 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 7	2018 Aug 8	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1030 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0930 UTC with ash extending NW at 2.4 km altitude. At 1420 UTC ash emissions were continuing with ash observed in satellite imagery moving NW at 2.4 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash emissions were continuing with ash observed in satellite imagery moving N at 2.4 km altitude. At 1840 UTC ash emissions were observed in satellite imagery moving N at 2.4 km altitude. By 2240 UTC ash moving N at 2.4 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1840 UTC on 7 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1800 UTC with ash extending E at 3.4 km altitude. At 2240 UTC ash emissions were observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 3.4 km altitude. By 0220 UTC on 8 August ash moving NE at 3.4 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2240 UTC on 7 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2140 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. At 0220 UTC on 8 August ash was obscured by meteorological clouds but expected in the area moving E at 4.3 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and UHPP information, at 0710 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of ash observed at 0715 UTC extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0850 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0820 UTC with ash extending E at 3.9 km altitude. At 1120 UTC on ash was obscured by meteorological clouds but expected in the area moving E at 3.9 km altitude. By 1350 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving E at 3.9 km altitude.
2018 Aug 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1350 UTC on 8 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1310 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0020 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.9 km altitude. At 0420 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 3.9 km altitude. By 0820 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving E at 3.9 km altitude.
2018 Aug 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0420 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0350 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. At 0420 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 3.9 km altitude. At 0820 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 3.0 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1520 UTC on 9 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1500 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 2130 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Aug 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1720 UTC on 9 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1640 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2130 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude.
2018 Aug 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2130 UTC on 9 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2114 UTC with ash extending S at 3.9 km altitude. At 2200 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending S at 3.9 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0350 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0310 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 0620 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude.
2018 Aug 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0620 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0600 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 2.7 km altitude. By 1510 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SE at 2.7 km altitude.
2018 Aug 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1120 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1050 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.4 km altitude. By 1510 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SE at 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Aug 11 (in or after)	2018 Aug 17 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 4.5 km altitude.
2018 Aug 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1510 UTC on 10 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1440 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 2040 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 2110 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 0240 UTC on 11 August ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. KVERT reported that an ash plume drifted 52 km SE during 10-11 August.
2018 Aug 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 10 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2032 UTC with ash extending S at 5.5 km altitude. At 2110 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.5 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.5 km altitude. By 0240 UTC on 11 August ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.5 km altitude.
2018 Aug 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0140 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2050 UTC on 11 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1940 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 12	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images.
2018 Aug 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 2350 UTC on 12 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2328 UTC extending NW at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2100 UTC on 13 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2100 UTC extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2210 UTC on 14 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2140 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 0140 UTC on 15 August ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude had dissipated.
2018 Aug 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0120 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0720 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0700 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1410 UTC on 15 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1400 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.4 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash was obscured by meteoric clouds but still expected to be moving E at 3.4 km altitude. By 1930 UTC ash moving E at 3.4 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1930 UTC on 15 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1910 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash moving E at 2.7 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0230 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash moving E at 3.7 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0540 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0440 UTC at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0910 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0840 UTC with ash extending S at 2.4 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash moving S at 2.4 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1120 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1100 UTC with ash extending S at 2.1 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 17 (in or after)	2018 Aug 24 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 5.2 km altitude.
2018 Aug 17 (in or after)	2018 Aug 24 (in or before)	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes as high as 5.2 km altitude.
2018 Aug 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0230 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0210 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0910 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 1020 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1420 ash moving SE at 4.3 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery. KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted 235 km SE during 21-22 August.
2018 Aug 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0910 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of ash observed at 0850 UTC extending ESE at 2.1 km altitude. At 1020 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 2.1 km altitude. By 1420 UTC ash moving SE at 2.1 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 21	2018 Aug 22	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1020 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0950 UTC with ash extending SE at 1.8 km altitude. At 1420 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 1.8 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash moving SE at 1.8 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 21	2018 Aug 23	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible.
2018 Aug 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1830 UTC on 21 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1750 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 2020 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash moving SE at 3.0 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2020 UTC on 21 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1956 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash moving SE at 3.0 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2320 UTC on 21 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2322 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 2350 UTC ash moving SE at 3.7 km altitude was identifiable in satellite imagery. At 0100 UTC on 22 August ash moving SE at 3.7 km altitude was identifiable in satellite imagery. By 0510 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite data moving SE at 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Aug 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0016 UTC with ash extending SSE at 3.0 km altitude. By 0510 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite data moving SE at 3.0 km altitude.
2018 Aug 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0508 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2000 UTC on 22 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1852 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and UHPP information, at 2040 UTC on 22 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2030 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Aug 23	2018 Aug 24	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1030 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1420 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1510 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1730 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 24	2018 Aug 25	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted about 135 km SE, S, and SW.
2018 Aug 24 (in or after)	2018 Aug 31 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3-6 km altitude.
2018 Aug 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1510 UTC on 23 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1430 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. By 1730 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2010 UTC on 23 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1948 UTC with ash extending SSE at 4.6 km altitude. At 2030 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 4.6 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.6 km altitude. At 0220 UTC on 24 August ash was observed moving SE at 4.6 km altitude. By 0540 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0220 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0210 UTC with ash extending SW at 2.4 km altitude. By 0540 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SW at 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Aug 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0540 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0402 UTC with ash extending SSE at 4.6 km altitude. At 0800 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 4.6 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 4.6 km altitude. By 1730 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving S at 4.6 km altitude.
2018 Aug 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0800 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0730 UTC with ash extending S at 2.4 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SW at 2.4 km altitude. By 1730 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SW at 2.4 km altitude.
2018 Aug 24	2018 Aug 25	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible in satellite data.
2018 Aug 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1730 UTC on 24 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1710 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. At 2040 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude. By 0440 UTC on 25 August ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving S at 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Aug 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 24 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1952 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.7 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SW at 3.7 km altitude. At 0440 UTC on 25 August ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SW at 3.7 km altitude. By 0830 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SW at 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Aug 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0440 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0319 UTC with ash extending SE at 5.2 km altitude. At 0830 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.2 km altitude. At 1100 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 5.2 km altitude. By 1420 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving S at 5.2 km altitude.
2018 Aug 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0830 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0810 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. By 1100 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery moving SW at 3.0 km altitude.
2018 Aug 25	2018 Aug 26	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1050 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.7 km altitude. At 1420 UTC ash moving SW at 3.7 km altitude was not identifiable in satellite imagery due to meteoric clouds but was still expected in the area. By 1730 UTC ash moving SW at 3.7 km altitude had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1730 UTC on 25 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1640 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. By 2300 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Aug 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2300 UTC on 25 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2230 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. By 0020 UTC on 26 August ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Aug 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0020 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2350 UTC on 25 August with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 0530 UTC on 26 August ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 0630 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0630 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0610 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 27	2018 Aug 30	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted about 135 km SE, S, and SW.
2018 Aug 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1940 UTC on 27 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1900 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 2230 UTC ash from this eruption extended SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0050 UTC on 28 August ash from this eruption extended SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2230 UTC on 27 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2150 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. By 0050 UTC on 28 August ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery from this eruption.
2018 Aug 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0050 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0000 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery from this eruption.
2018 Aug 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0720 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0700 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 0830 UTC ash from this eruption extended SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was continuously observed in satellite imagery extended SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1620 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 28	2018 Aug 29	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0830 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0810 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1620 UTC ash from this eruption was continuously observed in satellite imagery extended SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2230 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1620 UTC on 28 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1600 UTC with ash extending SE at [1.8] 3.0 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at [1.8] 3.0 km altitude. By 2230 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 29	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported ashfall.
2018 Aug 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0530 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0426 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery from this eruption.
2018 Aug 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0500 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0440 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.4 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2140 UTC on 29 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2136 UTC with ash extending W at 5.5 km altitude. At 2210 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.5 km altitude. At 2320 UTC eruptive activity was continuing with ash observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.5 km altitude. By 0420 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Aug 30	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported ashfall.
2018 Aug 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 0420 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0420 UTC with ash extending SW at 5.2 km altitude. At 0450 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending SW at 5.2 km altitude. At 0820 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.2 km altitude. At 1130 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.2 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1130 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1000 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 30	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible in satellite data.
2018 Aug 30	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	A MODVOLC thermal alert was issued.
2018 Aug 31 (in or after)	2018 Sep 7 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions during 31 August-7 September that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude.
2018 Aug 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1720 UTC on 30 August the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1600 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. At 2040 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending E at 3.7 km altitude. At 2150 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Aug 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes were identified in satellite images drifting about 75 km N.
2018 Aug 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 30 August the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2036 UTC with ash extending S at 4.6 km altitude. At 2150 UTC ash was moving E at 4.6 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 4.6 km altitude. By 0140 UTC on 31 August ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Aug 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2344 UTC on 30 August with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. At 0520 UTC on 31 August ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving N at 4.3 km altitude. At 0730 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NW at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Aug 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0730 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0620 UTC with ash extending NW at 3.7 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving NW at 3.7 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0340 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0236 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. At 0610 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. By 1050 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Sep 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes were identified in satellite images drifting about 75 km S.
2018 Sep 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0320 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0300 UTC with ash extending S at 2.7 km altitude. NOTE: Unsure if this is same as eruption reported at 0236 UTC.
2018 Sep 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0610 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0530 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. By 1050 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 4	2018 Sep 5	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1050 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1020 UTC with ash extending S at 3.4 km altitude. At 1440 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.4 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 4	2018 Sep 5	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over the volcano was visible.
2018 Sep 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1440 UTC on 4 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1410 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 7	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images.
2018 Sep 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0430 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0820 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 9	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images.
2018 Sep 10 (in or after)	2018 Sep 13 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.4 km altitude.
2018 Sep 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2240 UTC on 9 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2220 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. At 2340 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 2.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC on 10 September ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 10 (in or after)	2018 Sep 13 (in or before)	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes visible in satellite data drifted 113 km SE and NE.
2018 Sep 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2340 UTC on 9 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2325 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0520 UTC on 10 September eruptive activity was continuing with ash observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 3.7 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated.
2018 Sep 10 (in or after)	2018 Sep 13 (in or before)	Incandescence	KVERT reported occasional incandescence.
2018 Sep 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0120 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0100 UTC with ash extending NE at 1.5 km altitude. Ash was not detected in satellite data.
2018 Sep 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0930 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0830 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 3.0 km altitude. By 1520 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1520 UTC on 11 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1440 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.4 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 2.4 km altitude. By 2120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 2120 UTC on 11 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2023 UTC with ash extending S at 2.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KBGS, UHPP and KVERT information, at 2300 UTC on 11 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2257 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 0220 UTC on 12 September ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KBGS, UHPP and KVERT information, at 0220 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0150 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. At 0520 UTC eruptive activity was continuing wih ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 0820 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0820 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0720 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 12	2018 Sep 13	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over Ebeko was identified in satellite images.
2018 Sep 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1800 UTC on 12 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1650 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2040 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KBGS and KVERT information, at 2040 UTC on 12 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2035 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. At 2110 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending S at 3.7 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending S at 3.7 km altitude. By 0220 UTC on 13 September ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0220 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0208 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0240 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0800 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 3.7 km altitude By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0800 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0730 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.4 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.4 km altitude. By 1600 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 14 (in or after)	2018 Sep 21 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4.2 km altitude.
2018 Sep 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1600 UTC on 13 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1520 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.4 km altitude. At 1720 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 2.4 km altitude. By 2050 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that an ash plume was identified drifting about 80 km E.
2018 Sep 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KBGS and KVERT information, at 2050 UTC on 13 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2046 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable from satellite data.
2018 Sep 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2200 UTC on 13 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2204 UTC with ash extending ENE at 4.6 km altitude. At 2240 UTC ash was observed in satellite data moving E at 4.6 km altitude. At 0310 UTC on 14 September ash was observed in satellite data moving E at 4.6 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0205 UTC with ash extending ENE at 4.6 km altitude. At 0310 UTC ash was observed in satellite data moving E at 4.6 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite data moving NE at 4.6 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 14 (in or after)	2018 Sep 21 (in or before)	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly over the volcano was occasionally visible in satellite data.
2018 Sep 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0350 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0402 UTC with ash extending SSW at 4.6 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and UHPP information, at 0610 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0520 UTC with ash extending N at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and UHPP information, at 2110 UTC on 15 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2106 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.6 km altitude. At 2150 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 4.6 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 4.6 m altitude. By 0310 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, and KBGS information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0318 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Sep 17	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 16 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2034 UTC with ash extending NE at 5.2 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 5.2 km altitude. By 0520 UTC on 17 September ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0110 UTC with ash at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0530 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0542 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0620 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 21 (in or after)	2018 Sep 28 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4 km altitude.
2018 Sep 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2010 UTC on 20 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2006 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2030 UTC on 21 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2000 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2330 UTC on 21 September with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC on 22 September ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 22	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0900 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0820 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.4 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2030 UTC on 22 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1900 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 23	2018 Sep 24	Ash Plume	KVERT reported ash plumes drifting as far as 68 km SE.
2018 Sep 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0110 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0114 UTC with ash extending SSE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 23	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano.
2018 Sep 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1650 UTC on 23 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1610 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.4 km altitude. At 1820 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 2.4 km altitude. By 2140 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1820 UTC on 23 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1730 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.1 km altitude. By 2140 UTC ash from this eruption was no longer identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP, and KBGS information, at 2140 UTC on 23 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2148 UTC with ash extending SE at 5.2 km altitude. At 2230 UTC ash was reported in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0010 UTC on 24 September ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 0300 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and KBGS information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2340 UTC on 23 September with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0300 UTC ash was reported in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0300 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0220 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2130 UTC 0n 24 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1642 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.6 km altitude. Ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 2310 UTC on 25 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2310 UTC with ash extending E at 4.6 km altitude. Ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 26	2018 Sep 27	Ash Plume	KVERT reported ash plumes drifting as far as 68 km SE.
2018 Sep 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1910 UTC on 26 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1830 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 2050 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 2340 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 27 (in or after)	2018 Oct 1 (in or before)	Ash Plume	KVERT reported ash plumes drifting about 80 km SW, SE, and E.
2018 Sep 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2050 UTC on 26 September the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 2010 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 2340 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0113 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0210 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0130 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude.
2018 Sep 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0810 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0710 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 1130 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1400 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 27	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano.
2018 Sep 28	2018 Oct 5	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude.
2018 Sep 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2020 UTC on 27 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1902 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.7 km altitude. Ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 27 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1904 UTC with ash extending S at 4.6 km altitude. Ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2316 UTC on 27 September with ash extending S at 4.3 km altitude. Ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 28	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0150 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0138 UTC with ash extending S at 5.2 km altitude. At 0230 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery extending S at 5.2 km altitude. At 0530 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving W at 5.2 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was possibly continuously observed in satellite imagery moving W at 5.2 km altitude, but obscured by meteoric clouds. By 1720 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 28	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that satellite images showed a thermal anomaly over the volcano.
2018 Sep 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2040 UTC on 28 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2045 UTC with ash extending S at 4.3 km altitude. Ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2140 UTC on 28 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2050 UTC with ash extending S at 4.3 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. At 2320 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 4.3 km altitude. By 0140 UTC on 29 September ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2320 UTC on 28 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2232 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. At 0140 UTC on 29 September ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 4.3 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery from this eruption.
2018 Sep 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0048 UTC with ash extending S at 4.3 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. At 0140 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving S at 4.3 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Sep 29	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	A MODVOLC thermal alert was issued.
2018 Sep 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 2330 UTC on 29 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2336 UTC with ash extending E at 5.2 km altitude. At 0020 UTC on 30 September ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 5.2 km altitude. At 0240 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 5.2 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery from this eruption.
2018 Sep 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0150 UTC with ash extending E at 3.9 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. At 0520 UTC ash was continiuously observed in satellite imagery extending E at 3.9 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2020 UTC on 30 September the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1910 UTC with ash extending NE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0150 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0008 UTC with ash extending NE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 2	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2357 UTC on 1 October with ash extending SSE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 3	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2240 UTC on 2 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2108 UTC with ash extending W at 4.6 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 5 (in or after)	2018 Oct 12 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude.
2018 Oct 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2010 UTC on 4 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1915 UTC with ash extending SSW at 3.4 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that satellite images showed ash plumes drifting about 125 km SE.
2018 Oct 5	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0440 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0435 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. At 0500 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.7 km altitude. At 0820 UTC eruptive activity was continuing with ash observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 3.7 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2010 UTC on 5 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2000 UTC with ash extending SSE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 2240 UTC on 5 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2245 UTC with ash extending SSE at 5.2 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.2 km altitude. By 0210 UTC on 6 October ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0236 UTC with ash extending SSE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Oct 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1110 UTC with ash extending SE at 2.7 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0150 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 0030 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. By 0520 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2200 UTC on 7 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2154 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not identifiable in satellite data.
2018 Oct 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that satellite images showed ash plumes drifting about 125 km SE.
2018 Oct 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0413 UTC with ash extending S at 4.3 km altitude. At 0450 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0600 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 4.3 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and KBGS information, at 0600 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0528 UTC with ash extending S at 4.3 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 8	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported a thermal anomaly over the volcano.
2018 Oct 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2030 UTC on 8 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1956 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0050 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0051 UTC with ash at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0520 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0520 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.6 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 12 (in or after)	2018 Oct 19 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude.
2018 Oct 12	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2120 UTC on 11 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2043 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2220 UTC on 12 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2224 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2240 UTC on 13 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2102 UTC with ash extending SE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 14 (in or after)	2018 Oct 16 (in or before)	Ashfall	KVERT reported ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Oct 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0450 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0309 UTC with ash extending SSE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1420 UTC on 14 October the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed at 1320 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.7 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0007 UTC with ash extending SSE at 5.2 km altitude. At 0100 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.2 km altitude. At 0230 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 5.2 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving SE at 5.2 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0230 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0152 UTC with ash extending SE at 5.2 km altitude observed in satellite imagery. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 5.2 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0100 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0055 UTC with ash extending E at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0940 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. At 1120 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1430 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 17	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1430 UTC on 16 October the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 1400 UTC with ash extending N at 3.4 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1510 UTC on 17 October the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 1500 UTC with ash extending N at 3.0 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2200 UTC on 17 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2032 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0125 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.4 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 19 (in or after)	2018 Oct 26 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4.7 km altitude.
2018 Oct 19	2018 Oct 20	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted eastward, and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Oct 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2130 UTC on 19 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2125 UTC with ash extending E at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted about 80 km E.
2018 Oct 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 2050 UTC on 20 October the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 1950 UTC with ash extending E at 4.6 km altitude. At 2320 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving E at 4.6 km altitude. By 0220 UTC on 21 October ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 21	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0435 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 23	2018 Oct 24	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted eastward, and caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Oct 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2250 UTC on 23 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2111 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0154 UTC with ash extending SE at over 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP, and KBGS information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0312 UTC with ash extending SE at over 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 24	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images.
2018 Oct 24	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images.
2018 Oct 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1740 UTC on 24 October the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 1710 UTC with ash extending N at 3.7 km altitude. By 2320 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 26 (in or after)	2018 Nov 2 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Oct 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0518 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 29 (in or after)	2018 Oct 31 (in or before)	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Oct 29	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a thermal anomaly was visible in satellite images.
2018 Oct 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2020 UTC on 29 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2008 UTC with ash extending NE at over 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 30	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2320 UTC on 29 October with ash extending NE at over 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2120 UTC on 30 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2056 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2200 UTC on 30 October the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2201 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0240 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0244 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Oct 31	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0340 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0348 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 2 (in or after)	2018 Nov 9 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.7 km altitude.
2018 Nov 2 (in or after)	2018 Nov 9 (in or before)	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes caused ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Nov 3	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0450 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0445 UTC with ash extending S at 4.6 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2140 UTC on 3 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2137 UTC with ash extending E at 4.6 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2210 UTC on 5 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2215 UTC with ash extending ENE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 6	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0139 UTC with ash extending ENE at 5.2 km altitude. At 0210 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 5.2 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash had dissipated on satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 8	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0320 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0321 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 9 (in or after)	2018 Nov 15 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4.5 km altitude. Ash plumes drifted E.
2018 Nov 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2230 UTC on 8 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2322 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2250 UTC on 9 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2252 UTC with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0011 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery. Its not clear if this is the first of two eruptions or if the time was updated in the next VAAC.
2018 Nov 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 0010 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0012 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.6 km altitude. At 0110 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving E at 4.6 km altitude. By 0510 UTC ash was not identifiable in satellite data from this eruption.
2018 Nov 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0508 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 12	2018 Nov 13	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data.
2018 Nov 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2310 UTC on 12 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2308 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 13	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0340 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0345 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 13	2018 Nov 14	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 1330 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 1250 UTC with ash extending NE at 2.7 km altitude. By 1720 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 15 (in or after)	2018 Nov 23 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.2 km altitude. Ash plumes drifted NE and S.
2018 Nov 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0340 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0220 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. At 0520 UTC ash was continuously observed in satellite imagery moving S at 3.0 km altitude. By 0830 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 17	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2340 UTC on 16 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2333 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0249 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and KBGS information, at 2220 UTC on 19 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2220 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 23 (in or after)	2018 Nov 30 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 4 km altitude. Ash plumes drifted E.
2018 Nov 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0110 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0116 UTC with ash extending SW at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 24	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0510 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0516 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 24	- - - -	Thermal Anomaly	KVERT reported that a weak thermal anomaly was identified in satellite data.
2018 Nov 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0411 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.6 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2020 UTC on 25 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 1943 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2210 UTC on 26 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2202 UTC with ash extending SW at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 27	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT noted that ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Nov 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2330 UTC on 26 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2326 UTC with ash extending SE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 29	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2150 UTC on 28 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2150 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Nov 29	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT noted that ashfall was reported in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Nov 30 (in or after)	2018 Dec 7 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.6 km altitude.
2018 Nov 30	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Dec 1	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, and UHPP information, at 2120 UTC on 30 November the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2050 UTC with ash extending S at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 1	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Dec 3	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0030 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2140 UTC on 2 December with ash extending SE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 3	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0150 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0152 UTC with ash extending SE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2140 UTC on 3 December the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2145 UTC with ash extending SE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 4	- - - -	Ashfall	KVERT reported that ash plumes drifted E, causing ashfall in Severo-Kurilsk.
2018 Dec 4	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0120 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0129 UTC with ash extending SSE at 5.2 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 7 (in or after)	2018 Dec 14 (in or before)	Explosion	KVERT reported that volcanologists in Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island), about 7 km E of Ebeko, observed explosions that sent ash plumes to 3.5 km altitude.
2018 Dec 7	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0140 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0134 UTC with ash extending E at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 9	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 04154 UTC with ash extending E at 2.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 10	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0130 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0130 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 11	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2240 UTC on 10 December the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2245 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0120 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0128 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 14	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0130 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0134 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0210 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0214 UTC with ash extending S at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 15	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0320 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0325 UTC with ash extending E at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 16	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2220 UTC on 15 December the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2224 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 17	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and UHPP information, at 2350 UTC on 16 December the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2340 UTC with ash at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT and UHPP information, at 0130 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0125 UTC with ash extending N at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 18	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0150 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0140 UTC with ash extending NW at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 20	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KVERT information, at 0330 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0326 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, UHPP and KVERT information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0212 UTC with ash extending ESE at 2.1 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 23	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0320 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0312 UTC with ash extending S at 3.7 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 25	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KBGS and KVERT information, at 0310 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0312 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KBGS and KVERT information, at 2200 UTC on 25 December the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2204 UTC with ash extending N at 3.0 km altitude. At 2230 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 0150 UTC on 26 December ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 0150 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0150 UTC with ash extending E at 3.0 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 0200 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0202 UTC with ash extending NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0230 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 4.3 km altitude. At 0410 UTC ash was observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 4.3 km altitude. By 0520 UTC ash from this eruption was not identifiable in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8, KVERT, UHPP and KBGS information, at 0410 UTC the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 0344 UTC with ash observed in satellite imagery extending N at 3.7 km altitude. At 0520 UTC eruptive activity was continuing with ash observed in satellite imagery moving NE at 3.7 km altitude. By 0650 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 26	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 information, at 0650 UTC the Tokyo VAAC reported a possible eruption observed in satellite imagery at 0630 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.0 km altitude. By 1120 UTC ash from this eruption had dissipated in satellite imagery.
2018 Dec 27	- - - -	Ash Plume	Based on HIMAWARI-8 and KBGS information, at 2230 UTC on 26 December the Tokyo VAAC noted a report of an eruption observed at 2100 UTC with ash extending NE at 3.4 km altitude. Ash was not observed in satellite imagery.

2010 Jul 2 - 2010 Jul 9 ± 7 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Summit craters

2010 Jul 2 - 2010 Jul 9 ± 7 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Summit craters

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
2010 Jul 2	- - - -	Explosion	Explosions produced ash plumes that rose to an altitude of 1.8 km and drifted SSE.
2010 Jul 2	- - - -	Ash Plume	An ash plume rose 1.8 km altitude, drifting SSE.
2010 Jul 2	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 1

2009 Feb 11 - 2009 Jul 13 (?) Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

2009 Feb 11 - 2009 Jul 13 (?)

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
2009 Feb 11	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

2005 Jan 29 - 2005 Feb 16 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

2005 Jan 29 - 2005 Feb 16

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)	After.
2005 Jan 29	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)
2005 Feb 7	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1991 Jan 16 ± 15 days - 1991 Jan 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Northern crater

1991 Jan 16 ± 15 days - 1991 Jan 16 ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Northern crater

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Ash	weak or small
1991 Jan	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1989 Feb 2 - 1990 Apr 15 ± 5 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Northern crater and upper east flank

1989 Feb 2 - 1990 Apr 15 ± 5 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Northern crater and upper east flank

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
1989 Feb 2	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1987 Oct 14 - 1988 Jan 16 ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Northern crater

1987 Oct 14 - 1988 Jan 16 ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1 at Northern crater

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquake (tectonic)	Before eruption.
1987 Oct 14	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1971 Jul 2 ± 182 days ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Northern crater

1971 Jul 2 ± 182 days - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Northern crater

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity	Uncertain
	1971	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1969 Feb 16 ± 15 days - 1969 Feb 16 (?) ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Northern crater

1969 Feb 16 ± 15 days - 1969 Feb 16 (?) ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Northern crater

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity	weak or small
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1969 Feb	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1967 Jan 16 ± 15 days - 1967 Apr 16 (?) ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Northern crater

1967 Jan 16 ± 15 days - 1967 Apr 16 (?) ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1 at Northern crater

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity	weak or small
- - - -	- - - -	Ash	weak or small
- - - -	- - - -	Fumarolic or Solfataric	weak or small
1967 Jan	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1965 Aug 16 (?) ± 15 days - 1965 Aug 16 (?) ± 15 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

Middle Crater

1965 Aug 16 (?) ± 15 days - 1965 Aug 16 (?) ± 15 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Middle Crater

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity	weak or small
	1965 Aug (?)	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1963 Mar 8 - 1964 Jul 2 ± 182 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 1

Episode 1 | Eruption

North wall of east amphitheater

1963 Mar 8 - 1964 Jul 2 ± 182 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at North wall of east amphitheater

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Phreatic activity	weak or small
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1963 Mar 8	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1934 Oct 4 - 1935 Oct 15 ± 45 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

Sredniy crater

1934 Oct 4 - 1935 Oct 15 ± 45 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Sredniy crater

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)	Before.
- - - -	- - - -	Observation	Liquid sulfur
1934 Oct 4	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1859 Sep 27 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1859 Sep 27 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1859 Sep 27	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1833 Dec 31 ± 365 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1833 Dec 31 ± 365 days - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1833 Dec 31 ± 365 days	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1793 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1793 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
1793	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1670 (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1670 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

1650 (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1650 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

1600 (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1600 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

0390 BCE ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0390 BCE ± 75 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Ebeko.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Ebeko.

Photo Gallery

An ash plume rises above the North crater of Ebeko volcano at the northern end of Paramushir Island on 9 September 1989. An explosive eruption that began on 2 February 1989 continued until April 1990. Three summit craters located along a SSW-NNE line form the main edifice at the northern end of a complex consisting of five cones. Activity recorded since the late 18th century has included small-to-moderate explosive eruptions from the summit craters.

Photo courtesy of Kamchatka Volcanic Eruptions Response Team, 1989.

An ash plume rises above Ebeko on 18 March 2009. Intermittent explosive eruptions began on 11 February 2009 and continued into July, producing plumes up to 3.4 km altitude.

Photo by Leonid Kotenko, 2009 (Institute of Volcanology and Seismology).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Ebeko in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Ebeko. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Ebeko. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Ebeko

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).