Global Volcanism Program | Blue Lake Crater

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Blue Lake Crater.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Blue Lake Crater.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Blue Lake Crater.

The Global Volcanism Program has no synonyms or subfeatures listed for Blue Lake Crater.

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

322030

680 CE

1,136 m / 3,727 ft

44.4125°N
121.7686°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Minor (Basaltic)

Volcano Types
Maar
Fissure vent

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

19
308
6,914
286,219

Geological Summary

Blue Lake Crater is a series of at least three overlapping explosion craters along a NE trend slightly east of the crest of the Cascade Range in the state of Oregon. Explosions through pre-existing bedrock about 1,300 years ago deposited basaltic bombs and cinders, and spread tephra to the E and SE during perhaps the youngest eruption in the Santiam and McKenzie Passes region. The eruption created an elongated, steep-walled crater with a low rim that rises about 50 m above adjacent topography. The crater is now filled by the 300 x 800 m Blue Lake, immediately west of the glacial moraine dammed Suttle Lake. A chain of spatter cones, 6 km to the SSW and about 4 km NE of Mount Washington, is aligned with Blue Lake Crater and has ejecta that are petrographically similar and may have been erupted at the same time.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Sherrod D R, Taylor E M, Ferns M L, Scott W E, Conrey R M, Smith G A, 2004. Geologic map of the Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle, central Oregon. U S Geol Surv Map , I-2683, 1:100,000 scale and 48 p text.

Taylor E M, 1965. Recent volcanism between Three Fingered Jack and North Sister Oregon Cascade Range. Ore Bin, 27: 121-148.

Taylor E M, 1981. Roadlog for central High Cascade geology, Bend, Sisters, McKenzie Pass, and Santiam Pass, Oregon. U S Geol Surv Circ, 838: 59-83.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

0680 ± 200 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0680 ± 200 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Blocks
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Blue Lake Crater.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Blue Lake Crater.

Photo Gallery

The 300 x 800 m wide Blue Lake Crater formed about 1,300 years ago during eruptions through pre-existing volcanic bedrock. A least three overlapping craters formed with ejecta forming a crater rim only 50 m above the pre-eruption surface.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Blue Lake Crater in the foreground is one of three overlapping craters located east of Santiam Pass. The craters formed about 1,300 years ago during explosions through older volcanic bedrock; a chain of spatter cones about 6 km SSW of Blue Lake may have been active during the same eruption. The snow-covered summit of Pleistocene Mount Washington is visible in the background.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1999 (Smithsonian Institution).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Blue Lake Crater in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Blue Lake Crater. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Blue Lake Crater. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Blue Lake Crater

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).