Global Volcanism Program

Haleakala

Google Earth Placemark with Features

Cite Volcano Profile

Country
Volcanic Region
Landform | Volc Type
Last Known Eruption

20.708°N
156.25°W
3,055 m
10,023 ft
332060

Latitude
Longitude
Summit
Elevation
Volcano
Number

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Haleakala.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Haleakala.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Haleakala.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

East Maui | Mauna Haleakala

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Halalii

Cone

2320 m

20° 43' 23" N

156° 12' 7" W

Honokahua

Cone

2200 m

20° 43' 34" N

156° 10' 37" W

Illi, Puʻu O

Cone

20° 45' 32" N

156° 14' 31" W

Ka Moa O Pele

Cone

2350 m

20° 43' 0" N

156° 12' 25" W

Kaimaloo

Cone

1050 m

20° 39' 0" N

156° 22' 0" W

Kaluaiki

Cone

2220 m

20° 43' 41" N

156° 9' 0" W

Kaluu O Ka Oo

Cone

2538 m

20° 43' 0" N

156° 14' 10" W

Kamaoli

Cone

2490 m

20° 43' 0" N

156° 14' 0" W

Keonehunehune

Cone

1336 m

20° 39' 0" N

156° 22' 0" W

Keonenelu

Cone

1213 m

20° 39' 0" N

156° 22' 0" W

Kolekole

Cone

3052 m

20° 43' 0" N

156° 15' 32" W

Kulanapahu

Cone

1000 m

20° 39' 0" N

156° 23' 0" W

Kumu, Puʻu

Cone

2320 m

20° 43' 59" N

156° 11' 28" W

Mahoe, Puʻu

Cone

801 m

20° 38' 0" N

156° 23' 0" W

Maile, Puʻu

Cone

2290 m

20° 42' 54" N

156° 10' 52" W

Makua, Puʻu

Cone

1608 m

20° 40' 0" N

156° 21' 0" W

Mamane, Puʻu

Cone

2320 m

20° 43' 34" N

156° 11' 31" W

Maui, Puʻu O

Cone

2479 m

20° 43' 19" N

156° 13' 19" W

Mauna Hina

Cone

2450 m

20° 43' 55" N

156° 10' 59" W

Molokini Islet

Tuff cone

20° 38' 0" N

156° 30' 0" W

Naio, Puʻu

Cone

350 m

20° 37' 0" N

156° 24' 0" W

Namana O Ke Akua

Cone

2380 m

20° 43' 23" N

156° 11' 6" W

Naue, Puʻu

Cone

2346 m

20° 43' 16" N

156° 11' 49" W

Nianiau, Puʻu

Cone

2088 m

20° 46' 34" N

156° 14' 53" W

Nole, Puʻu

Cone

2280 m

20° 43' 16" N

156° 11' 0" W

Oile, Puʻu

Cone

2100 m

20° 43' 0" N

156° 9' 40" W

Olai, Puʻu

Cone

110 m

20° 38' 0" N

156° 27' 0" W

Pele, Puʻu O

Cone

2460 m

20° 42' 47" N

156° 13' 19" W

Pimoe

Cone

538 m

20° 37' 0" N

156° 22' 0" W

Polipoli

Cone

1973 m

20° 40' 0" N

156° 20' 0" W

Red Hill

Cone

3055 m

20° 42' 47" N

156° 15' 22" W

Craters

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Hana Ridge

Fissure vent

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

332060

1750 CE

3,055 m / 10,023 ft

20.708°N
156.25°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Shield

Volcano Types
Shield
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite

Tectonic Setting

Intraplate
Oceanic crust (< 15 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

26,074
26,074
65,398
157,582

Geological Summary

The massive Haleakala shield volcano forms the eastern portion of the dumbbell-shaped island of Maui. The summit contains a dramatic 3.5 x 9.5 km summit crater that is widely breached on the N and SE sides. The "crater" is not of volcanic origin, but formed as a result of the coalescence of headward erosion of the Koolau and Kaupo valleys. Subsequently the crater has been partially filled by a chain of young cinder cones and lava flows erupted along a major rift zone that extends across the basaltic volcano from the SW to the E flanks. Another less prominent rift zone trends north from the summit. The most recent eruption was thought to have occurred between the exploring voyages of La Perouse in 1786 and Vancouver in 1793, but uncertainty surrounds the date of this event, which could have occurred in about 1750 CE (anthropological evidence) or several centuries earlier (radiocarbon dates).

This volcano is located within the Hawaiian Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage property.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Bergmanis E C, Sinton J M, Trusdell F A, 2000. Rejuvenated volcanism along the southwest rift zone, East Maui, Hawai'i. Bull Volcanol, 62: 239-255.

Crandell D R, 1983. Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions on the island of Maui, Hawaii. U S Geol Surv Map, I-1442.

Eakins B W, Robinson J E, 2006. Submarine geology of Hana Ridge and Haleakala volcano's northeast flank, Maui. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 151: 229-250.

Green J, Short N M, 1971. Volcanic Landforms and Surface Features: a Photographic Atlas and Glossary. New York: Springer-Verlag, 519 p.

Katsui Y (ed), 1971. List of the World Active Volcanoes. Volc Soc Japan draft ms, (limited circulation), 160 p.

Macdonald G A, 1955. Hawaiian Islands. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 3: 1-37.

Macdonald G A, 1978. Geologic map of the crater section of Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii. U S Geol Surv Map, I-1088, 8 p text.

Reber G, 1959. Age of lava flows on Haleakala, Hawaii. Geol Soc Amer Bull, 70: 1245-1246.

Robinson J E, Eakins B W, 2006. Calculated volumes of individual shield volcanoes at the young end of the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 151: 309-317.

Sherrod D R, McGeehin J P, 1999. New radiocarbon ages from Haleakala crater, island of Maui, Hawai'i. U S Geol Surv Open-File Rpt, 99-143: 1-14.

U S Geological Survey, 2002. Tables of new volcano-related radiocarbon ages for East Maui (Haleakala volcano) as of 2002. http://hvo.usgs.gov/volcanoes/halakala.c14ages_2002.pdf.

U S Geological Survey, 1999. Youngest lava flows on East Maui probably older than A.D. 1790. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/1999/99_09_09.html.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 40 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

1750 (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (180-360 m), Kalua o Lapa flow

1750 (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Anthropology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (180-360 m), Kalua o Lapa flow

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow	Entered water.

1460 ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone, Kawaipapa lava flow

1460 ± 75 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Kawaipapa lava flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1420 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone

1420 ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1360 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~1600 m), Makua flow

1360 ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1600 m), Makua flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1350 ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~1500 m), Keonehunehune flow

1350 ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1500 m), Keonehunehune flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1200 ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~1200 m)

1200 ± 75 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1200 m)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow	Entered water.

1080 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

North crater wall (Hanakauhi flow)

1080 ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at North crater wall (Hanakauhi flow)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1020 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone, Mauka flow

1020 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Mauka flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1010 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater (Halali'i)

1010 ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Halali'i)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0990 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone, Puu Hina'i, Ka'eleku flows

0990 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Puu Hina'i, Ka'eleku flows

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0980 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater (Puu o ka O'o)

0980 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Puu o ka O'o)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone

0910 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater, Kalua Awa flow

0910 ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater, Kalua Awa flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0790 ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater (Puu Nole)

0790 ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Puu Nole)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0080 ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater

0080 ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

0290 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~2400 m)

0290 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~2400 m)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0390 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

North crater wall

0390 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at North crater wall

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

0580 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater

0580 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Ash

1140 BCE ± 30 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone, Auwahi flow

1140 BCE ± 30 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Auwahi flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1240 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Upper SW rift zone (~2800 m)

1240 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Upper SW rift zone (~2800 m)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1310 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Upper SW rift zone (~2600 m)

1310 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Upper SW rift zone (~2600 m)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1800 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater

1800 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

1850 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~1600 m)

1850 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1600 m)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1900 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone, Wai'ele'ele flow

1900 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Wai'ele'ele flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

1940 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone

1940 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion

2120 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Haleakala crater (Puu Maile)

2120 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Haleakala crater (Puu Maile)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone

2210 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone

2210 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

2260 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone (East Camp cone)

2260 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone (East Camp cone)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Cinder Cone
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria

2470 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~2000 m)

2470 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~2000 m)

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow	Entered water.

2580 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

2580 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

3070 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone

3070 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

4760 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

4760 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

5860 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone

5860 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

6030 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone, Lo'alo'a flow

6030 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Lo'alo'a flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

6220 BCE ± 50 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone, Kanahau flow

6220 BCE ± 50 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Kanahau flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

6700 BCE ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone, Waiohuli flow

6700 BCE ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone, Waiohuli flow

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

6760 BCE ± 40 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (W of Kanahau)

6760 BCE ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (W of Kanahau)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

7210 BCE (?) Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Upper SW rift zone

7210 BCE (?) - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Upper SW rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

7450 BCE ± 300 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone

7450 BCE ± 300 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

7570 BCE ± 75 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

East rift zone, Kuhiwa flow

7570 BCE ± 75 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (uncalibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at East rift zone, Kuhiwa flow

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Tephra

7950 BCE ± 200 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

SW rift zone (~1800 m)

7950 BCE ± 200 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at SW rift zone (~1800 m)

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Haleakala.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Haleakala.

Photo Gallery

The broad Haleakalā shield volcano towers over the eastern part of the island of Maui, seen here from the beach at Kihei on the west flank. Its summit profile is irregular because of the many scoria cones that have erupted along the SW rift zone, which extends from the coast to the summit. The lava flow in the foreground also originated from Haleakalā.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Halali'i (center foreground) and Pu’u o Maui (left center) are two of a series of young scoria cones erupted within the Haleakalā crater. Unvegetated lava flows form much of the crater floor, seen here looking NW from Pu’u Naue scoria cone. The crater is one of the few locations where the rare native-Hawaiian silversword ('ahinahina) plant is found.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Kamoa o Pele (left) and Pu’u o Maui (right) are two of a group of young scoria cones along the southwest rift zone within the Haleakalā crater, seen here looking westward towards the Haleakalā summit.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Pu’u o Maui is the largest of a group of scoria cones erupted along a rift zone that passes across Haleakalā crater, with the western crater rim to the upper left. The large summit crater formed through erosion and collapse events.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Recent activity at Haleakalā took place from vents low on the SW rift zone. The lava flows that form the coastline below originated from two vents, one near where this photo was taken and the other below the scoria cone near the center. Kaho’olawe is in the distance to the SW.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

Pu’u Olai is a scoria cone on the west flank of Haleakalā that formed during the late-stage Hana Series eruptions, which produced a large number of scoria cones and lava flows along the SW and E rift zones.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1987 (Smithsonian Institution).

The summit of Haleakalā on the island of Maui contains a large crater that opens towards the ENE. It formed by the erosion of two large valleys that eventually coalesced, along with collapse events. This view to the NE from near the summit shows the Ko’olau Gap in the distance and scoria cones on the crater floor from eruptions along a major rift zone that extends across the summit from the SW to eastern coasts.

Photo by Dick Stoiber, 1976 (Dartmouth College).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

The following 60 samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections, and may be availble for research (contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager). Catalog number links will open a window with more information.

Catalog Number	Sample Description	Lava Source	Collection Date
NMNH 109409-8	Ankaramite	--	--
NMNH 110777	Ankaramite	--	--
NMNH 111123-1859	Trachytic Andesite	--	--
NMNH 111123-1860	Trachytic Andesite	WHITE HILL CONE	--
NMNH 111123-1866	Picritic Basalt	SUMMIT	--
NMNH 111123-1869	Trachyte	PUU MAHANALUA NUI DOME	--
NMNH 114756-1	Unidentified	--	--
NMNH 116254-10	Andesine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 116254-11	Labradorite-Nepheline Basalt	--	--
NMNH 116254-14	Limburgitic Basalt	PIMOA	--
NMNH 116254-15	Augite	--	--
NMNH 116254-7	Nepheline-Andesine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 116254-8	Andesine Andesite	--	--
NMNH 116254-9	Labradorite-Nepheline Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117254-122	Picrite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117254-158	Oligoclase Andesite	--	--
NMNH 117997-1	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-10	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-11	Olivine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-12	Plagioclase-Olivine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-13	Plagioclase-Olivine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-14	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-15	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-16	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-17	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-18	Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-19	Olivine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-2	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-20	Picrite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-21	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-3	Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-4	Picrite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-5	Picrite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-6	Olivine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-7	Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-8	Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117997-9	Picrite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117998-1	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117998-2	Plagioclase Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117999-1	Olivine-Augite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117999-2	Olivine Basalt	--	--
NMNH 117999-3	Picrite Basalt	--	--
NMNH 135242-00	Augite	--	--
NMNH 70566	Lava	--	--
NMNH 70569	Basalt	--	--
NMNH 70575	Lava	--	--
NMNH 88127-79	Essexitic Andesite	--	--
NMNH 88127-80	Essexitic Andesite	--	--
NMNH 88127-81	Picritic Basalt	--	--
NMNH 88127-82	Essexitic Andesite	--	--
NMNH 88127-83	Essexitic Andesite	--	--
NMNH 92588-110	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-122	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-123	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-124	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-125	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-126	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-127	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-129	Volcanic Rock	--	--
NMNH 92588-130	Volcanic Rock	--	--

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Haleakala. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Haleakala. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Haleakala

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).