Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Iliniza.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Iliniza.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Iliniza.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Ilinitza | Iliniza

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Illiniza Norte

Stratovolcano

5070 m

0° 39' 1" S

78° 43' 20" W

Illiniza Sur

Stratovolcano

5162 m

0° 39' 45" S

78° 42' 59" W

Domes

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Pilongo

Dome

3935 m

Tishigcuchi
Rasuyacu

Dome

4185 m

0° 41' 0" S

78° 43' 0" W

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

352041

Unknown - Evidence Credible

5,162 m / 16,936 ft

0.662°S
78.716°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Caldera
Lava dome(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Dacite

Minor
Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

535
6,034
158,371
3,941,221

Geological Summary

The two glacier-covered peaks of Iliniza volcano are prominent landmarks west of the Interandean Valley. The smaller Iliniza Norte is a remnant of the main volcanic edifice located 1.8 km NNW of the younger Iliniza Sur, an andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano surrounded by thick pyroclastic-flow deposits. The edifice is mainly Pleistocene, though the Tishigcuchi (Rasuyacu) lava dome on the S flank was active during the Holocene. Iliniza itself, which is substantially eroded, may also have had relatively young eruptions (Hall, 1987, pers. comm.). A lava dome forms the summit of Iliniza Sur, and two more lava domes are found on the southern and NE flanks of the complex.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Hall M L, 1987. (pers. comm.).

Hall M L, Wood C A, 1985. Volcano-tectonic segmentation of the northern Andes. Geology 13:203-207.

Hidalgo S, Monzier M, Martin H, Chazot G, Eissen J-P, Cotten J, 2007. Adakitic magmas in the Ecuadorian volcanic front: petrogenesis of the Iliniza volcanic complex (Ecuador). J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 159: 366-392.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Eruptive History

The Global Volcanism Program is not aware of any Holocene eruptions from Iliniza. If this volcano has had large eruptions (VEI >= 4) prior to 12,000 years ago, information might be found on the Iliniza page in the LaMEVE (Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions) database, a part of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Iliniza.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Iliniza.

Photo Gallery

Illiniza Sur, seen here from the Interandean valley to its east, is the highest of the twin peaks of Illiniza volcano. A lava dome on its southern flank, Rasuyacu, erupted during the Holocene. Illiniza itself may have had relatively youthful eruptions, although none have been dated.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1978 (Smithsonian Institution).

The twin peaks of Illiniza volcano form prominent landmarks west of the Interandean Valley. Sharp-peaked, snow-covered Illiniza Sur (right) is the higher of the two peaks. It is seen here from the south with Illiniza Norte to its left. Illiniza is largely, if not entirely Pleistocene in age. However, Rasuyacu lava dome on the south flank was active during the Holocene. Recent work suggests that Illiniza itself, which is substantially eroded, may have had relatively young eruptions.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1978 (Smithsonian Institution).

Illiniza Norte is the shorter and older of the two peaks that form the Illiniza complex in Ecuador, with Illiniza Sur out of view to the left. The substantially eroded peak is seen here from the NE in November 2015, approaching from the Interandean Valley.

Photo by Ailsa Naismith, 2015.

Illiniza Sur is the older of the two peaks that form the Illiniza complex. This November 2015 view from the NE shows some of the stratigraphy exposed by extensive erosion.

Photo by Ailsa Naismith, 2015.

These two edifices form the Illiniza volcanic complex. Seen here from about 4 km NE, Illiniza Norte is to the right and Illiniza is to the left.

Photo by Ailsa Naismith, 2015.

A small lake is seen here between the two peaks of Illiniza, with the flank of Illiniza Norte to the right and Illiniza Sur to the left.

Photo by Ailsa Naismith, 2015.

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Iliniza in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Iliniza. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Iliniza. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Iliniza

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).