Most Recent Weekly Report: 24 July-30 July 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that during 24-30 July daily seismicity at Ubinas was characterized by 55-116 events associated with rock fracturing and 49-129 events associated with fluid movement. Gas-and-steam emissions were sometimes visible rising 200-600 m above the crater rim. Daily thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

Most Recent Bulletin Report: March 2020 (BGVN 45:03) Cite this Report

Weekly Reports - Index

2024: January | February | March | May | June | July
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2021: March
2020: May | December
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2015: March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November
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2013: July | August | September | October
2010: July
2009: January | February | March | May | June | July | August
2008: February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
2007: January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December
2006: March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December

24 July-30 July 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that during 24-30 July daily seismicity at Ubinas was characterized by 55-116 events associated with rock fracturing and 49-129 events associated with fluid movement. Gas-and-steam emissions were sometimes visible rising 200-600 m above the crater rim. Daily thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

12 June-18 June 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that during 1-15 June seismicity at Ubinas was characterized by daily averages of 144 events associated with rock fracturing and 73 events associated with fluid movement. Gas, steam, and ash emissions were sometimes visible rising as high as 800 m above the crater rim and drifting mainly E and NE, though ash was not present in the emissions at least during 12-15 June. Sulfur dioxide emissions were minor, averaging 74 tons per day. A total of 23 thermal anomalies were identified in satellite images. Gas-and-steam emissions rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim during 16-17 June. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

22 May-28 May 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that thermal anomalies from the main crater floor at Ubinas were identified daily during 21-28 May, except during 22-23 May. Daily gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 900 m above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

15 May-21 May 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that thermal anomalies from the main crater floor at Ubinas were identified daily during 15-21 May, except for on 15 May. Daily gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as to 1.6 km above the crater rim. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

8 May-14 May 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that thermal anomalies from the main crater floor at Ubinas were identified almost daily during 7-14 May. Ash, gas, and steam plumes rose to 1.1 km above the crater rim during 7-8 May. Similar plumes emitted continuously for a period of time on 12 May rose to 1.1 km above the crater rim and drifted S and SE. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

1 May-7 May 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that thermal anomalies from the Ubinas main crater were identified during 5-6 May. At 0516 on 6 May an ash plume rose 2.1 km above the crater rim and drifted more than 10 km SE. Ashfall was reported in the towns of Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Anascapa (11 km SE), San Miguel (10 km SE), Huarina, and Matalaque (17 km SSE). The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

13 March-19 March 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that lahars on the SE flank of Ubinas descended through the Volcánmayo drainage towards the Ubinas River at 1507 on 13 March and at 1454 on 17 March. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

6 March-12 March 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a lahar on the SE flank of Ubinas descended through the Volcánmayo drainage towards the Ubinas River at 1445 on 6 March. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

28 February-5 March 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that lahars on the SE flank of Ubinas descended through the Volcánmayo drainage towards the Ubinas River at 1654 on 29 February and at 1541 on 4 March. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

21 February-27 February 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a lahar descended the Volcánmayo drainage on the SE flank at Ubinas at 1745 on 25 February and traveled towards the Ubinas River. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

14 February-20 February 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a lahar descended the Volcánmayo drainage on the SE flank at Ubinas at 1645 on 19 February. The report noted that the lahars traveled towards the Ubinas River. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

24 January-30 January 2024 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that lahars descended the Volcánmayo drainage on the SE flank at Ubinas at 1910 on 23 January, at 2015 on 25 January, and at 1540 on 27 January. The report noted that the lahars traveled towards the Ubinas River and could possibly impact the Districts of Ubinas, Matalaque, and population centers. The public was warned to stay away from the drainage and to avoid driving on the Querapi-Ubinas-Huarina highway. Daily gas-and-steam plumes rose 100-500 m above the summit and drifted in multiple directions during 24-30 January.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

13 December-19 December 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that activity at Ubinas was at low levels during 1-15 December. Seismicity was low with daily averages of 143 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 23 earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. Additionally, there was a total of more than 16 hours of seismic signals associated with ash emissions. During 10-15 December webcam images recorded emissions of gas, steam, and ash that rose as high as 2.5 km above the summit and drifted NW and W. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

6 December-12 December 2023 Cite this Report

According to the Washington VAAC an ash puff from Ubinas was identified in a satellite image at 0040 on 11 December rising 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting NW. Webcam images at 0620 and 1220 showed continuous steam emissions possibly containing diffuse ash rising as high as 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. Steam emissions containing small amounts of ash were visible at 1810. Emissions were no longer visible in satellite and webcam images at 0010 on 12 December.

Source: Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

1 November-7 November 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that activity at Ubinas was at low levels during 30 October-5 November. Seismicity was low with daily averages of 95 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 24 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. Gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 900 m above the crater rim and drifted E and SE; no explosions nor ash emissions were recorded. The Alert Level was lowered to Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 2 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

25 October-31 October 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 23-29 October at low-to-moderate levels. There were daily averages of 175 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 17 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. Daily gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 500 m above the crater rim and drifted in multiple directions. At 0043 on 27 October an ash, gas, and steam emission rose 500 m above the crater rim and drifted SE and E. A minor thermal anomaly on the crater floor was visible. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

18 October-24 October 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 16-22 October at low-to-moderate levels. There were daily averages of 204 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 25 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. Steam-and-gas emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifted E and SE. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

4 October-10 October 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 3-9 October at low to moderate levels. There were daily averages of 155 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 27 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. In addition, seismic signals associated with ash emissions were recorded for a total of 25 hours during the week. On 4 October IGP reported that an ash plume drifted more than 15 km SW and S. According to the Washington VAAC small, diffuse ash plumes identified in satellite images drifted N, E, SE, and S at altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. during 4-8 October. IGP noted that on 7 October a steam, gas, and ash plume rose as high as 1.9 km above the crater rim and drifted NE, E, and SE. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 September-3 October 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 25 September-1 October at low-to-moderate levels. There were daily averages of 129 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 52 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. A period of continuous ash emissions began at 1656 on 1 October and lasted about 90 minutes; the ash plumes rose as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifted more than 10 km E, S, and SW. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

13 September-19 September 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 11-17 September at low-to-moderate levels. There were daily averages of 144 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 86 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. One explosion was recorded on 14 September. INGEMMET noted that sulfur dioxide emissions were at low levels during 14-15 September, averaging 900 tons per day. Ash-and-steam plumes rose 1.6 km above the crater rim and drifted SE and NE, causing ashfall in areas within 5 km downwind. IGP noted that seismic signals associated with ash emissions were recorded for an average of three hours per day during 14-16 September. Ash, gas, and steam emissions visible in webcam images rose as high as 2.6 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 15 km NE, E, and SE. Deformation data indicated a slight trend of inflation with variations less than 5 mm. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

6 September-12 September 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued at low-to-moderate levels during 4-10 September. There were daily averages of 183 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 27 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. Gas-and-steam emissions rose as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 5 km NE, E, and SE; no explosions or ash plumes were recorded during the week. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

30 August-5 September 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 28 August-3 September. There were daily averages of 78 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 42 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. In addition, seismic signals associated with ash emissions were recorded for an average of 30 minutes per day, with a maximum of 1 hour on 3 September. Webcams recorded ash-and-gas emissions rising as high as 600 m above the crater rim and drifting as far as 5 km E and SE during 28 August-4 September. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

23 August-29 August 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 22-27 August. There were daily averages of 229 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 54 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. In addition, seismic signals associated with ash emissions were recorded for an average of eight hours per day, with a maximum of 17 hours on 26 August. An explosion at 1757 on 25 August generated an ash-and-gas plume that rose 4.2 km above the crater rim and drifted up to 25 km in multiple directions. According to the Buenos Aires VAAC diffuse ash-and-gas puffs, both daily and with periods of continuous emissions, reached 6.1-7.3 km (20,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. (up to 1.6 km above the summit) and drifted multiple directions. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

16 August-22 August 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) and Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 14-21 August. According to IGP there were a daily average of 104 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 71 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. In addition, seismic signals associated with ash emissions were recorded for an average of eight hours per day, with a maximum of 14 hours on 17 August. According to the Buenos Aires VAAC diffuse ash-and-gas puffs rose 6.4-7.6 km (21,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. (0.7-1.9 km above the summit) and drifted W, NW, and N during 15-18 August. IGP noted that ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 3.5 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 50 km W, NW, N, and NE; ash advisories were issued on 17, 18, and 21 August. Explosions were recorded at 0141 and 0918 on 21 August. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

9 August-15 August 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) and Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 7-13 August. According to IGP a daily average of 102 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 60 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. An explosion on 10 August produced an ash plume that rose 2.4 km above the crater rim and drifted 25 km SE and E. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas, Matalaque, and Chojata. INGEMMET noted that sulfur dioxide emissions were at moderate levels during 10-11 and 13-14 August, averaging 2,400-3,700 tons per day. Ash-and-steam plumes rose as high as 800 m and drifted E, SE, S, and W during 13-14 August. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

2 August-8 August 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) and Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 31 July-7 August. According to IGP a daily average of 115 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 124 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma 31 July-6 August. In addition, there were four seismic signals associated with explosive events (mainly on 1 and 6 August) and 6-9 daily hours of seismic signals related to ash emissions. At 2110 on 1 August a major explosion produced an ash plume that rose as high as 5.4 km above the crater rim and ejected blocks as far as 3 km from the crater onto the SW, S, and SE flanks. The ash plume drifted 30 km E, SE, S, SW, and W, causing ashfall in the districts of Ubinas (6 km SE) and Chojata (19 km ESE). Ash-and-gas emissions rose as high as 2 km and drifted in multiple directions on the other days of the week. Ashfall was reported within a 15-km radius. An explosion at 0009 on 6 August produced a gas-and-ash plume that rose 1.4 km and drifted SE and E, causing ashfall in Ubinas and Chojata and other areas within a 30-km radius. INGEMMET noted that sulfur dioxide emissions were low on 7 August, averaging 400 tons per day. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

26 July-1 August 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 26 July through 1 August. According to IGP there were 60 volcano-tectonic earthquakes recorded during 24-30 July indicating rock fracturing and 117 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. In addition, there were five seismic signals associated with explosive events and 5-13 hours of seismic signals related to ash emissions. The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that intermittent ash emissions detected in satellite imagery rose to 6-7.3 km altitude and drifted NE on 26 July. Ash plumes on 27 July reached 5.5-6.4 km altitude and drifted NE and ENE based on webcam imagery. Ash emissions on 28 July rose to 6.4 km altitude and drifted E and SE. On 29 July small ash plumes rose to 6.7-7.9 km altitude and drifted SE, though they were mostly obscured by weather clouds. IGP reported that at 0957 on 29 July an explosion produced an ash plume that rose 2.5 km above the crater rim and drifted as far as 40 NE, E, and SE. As a result, significant ashfall was reported in the districts of Ubinas (6.5 km SSE) and Matalaque (17 km SSE). The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 July-25 July 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) and Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 19-25 July. According to IGP there were 46 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 122 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma recorded by the seismic network during 17-23 July. In addition, there were seven seismic signals associated with major explosive events, and 9-14 hours of seismic signals related to ash emissions.

Both IGP and INGEMMET reported a few notable explosions and ash plumes during the week. At 0530 on 20 July an explosion produced an ash plume that rose 3-4.5 km above the crater rim and drifted W and SW. Another explosion the next day, at 0922 on 21 July, produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose 5 km above the crater rim. Ashfall was reported in Querapi (4.5 km SE), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Anascapa (11 km SE), Sacohaya, San Miguel (10 km SE), Escacha, Huatagua (14 km SE), Huarina, Escacha (9 km SE), Matalaque (17 km SSE), Logén, Santa Lucía de Salinas, and Salinas de Moche. An explosion at 1323 on 22 July generated an ash plume that rose 5.5 km and drifted NE, E, and SE. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

12 July-18 July 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued at low-to-moderate levels during 10-16 July. During the week there were 80 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 93 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma. On 16 July there were two seismic signals associated with major explosive events, and 3.6 hours of seismic signals related to ash emissions. Emissions of gas and ash rose to 1.5 km above the summit and drifted as far as 15 km to the E, SE, and S. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

5 July-11 July 2023 Cite this Report

IGP and INGEMMET reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 5-12 July. According to IGP there were 67 volcano-tectonic earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 47 long-period earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma recorded during 5-9 July. A period of continuous ash-and-gas emissions was visible on 5 July with the plumes drifting more than 10 km SE and E. The Washington VAAC reported that ash plumes and periodic puffs of ash rose 5.5-9.1 km (18,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N and NE. On 6 July explosions recorded at 0747 and 2330 produced ash-and-gas plumes that rose as high as 3.5 km above the crater rim and drifted within 30 km NW, NE, SE, and S. According to the VAAC the explosion at 0747 produced a plume of ash and gas that rose to 9.1 km a.s.l., drifted SW, and gradually dissipated, while a lower-altitude plume at 7.6 km (25,000 ft) a.s.l. drifted NE. Gobierno Regional de Moquegua declared a state of emergency for districts in the Moquegua region, along with Coalaque Chojata, Icuña, Lloque, Matalaque (17 km SE), Ubinas, and Yunga of the General Sánchez Cerro province, to be in effect for 60 days.

On 7 July the VAAC reported that at 0320 an ash plume rose to 7.3 km (24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. At 0900 and 1520 steam plumes with diffuse ash rose to 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. Diffuse gas emissions were visible in satellite images drifting SE at 2120. Very small ash puffs visible in satellite and webcam images at 0920 and 1520 on 8 July rose as high as 6.4 km (21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. INGEMMET reported that during 9-11 July sulfur dioxide emissions were low at 300 tons per day. Gas-and-steam plumes rose 150-400 m and drifted S. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) and the public was warned to stay 4 km away from the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Gobierno Regional de Moquegua; Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

28 June-4 July 2023 Cite this Report

IGP and INGEMMET reported that the eruption at Ubinas continued during 26 June-4 July. A thermal anomaly in the crater was detected for the first time on 26 June and continued to be periodically detected through 4 July. According to IGP there were 98 Volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes indicating rock fracturing and 52 long-period (LP) earthquakes signifying the movement of gas and magma recorded during 26-28 June. Earthquakes indicting emissions decreased. Ash-and-gas emissions were visible in webcam images rising as high as 1 km above the crater rim and drifting NW, W, and SW. Seismic activity significantly increased during 29-30 June with 173 VT earthquakes, 351 LP events, and harmonic tremor, which signified rising magma. Ash-and-gas plumes rose 800 m and drifted SW, NW, NE, and E. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 600-1,150 tons per day (t/d). The Gobierno Regional de Moquegua raised the Alert Level to Orange (the third level on a four-color scale) on 30 June based on the recommendation from IGP and INGEMMET.

IGP noted that ash emissions were continuously observed in satellite and webcam images during 30 June-1 July and drifted more than 10 km S and SE. During 1-2 July there were 72 VT events and 114 LP events; seismic signals indicating emissions decreased on 2 July. Ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 1.7 km above the crater rim and drifted SE, S, SW, and NW. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas (6.5 km SSE) and Ouerapi (4.5 km SE). During 2-3 July INGEMMET noted that ash-and-gas plumes rose 400 m and drifted SW, causing ashfall in areas within 5 km downwind. Sulfur dioxide emissions were 700 t/d.

Activity significantly increased on 4 July. IGP counted 16 seismic signals associated with explosive activity. According to INGEMMET an explosion ejected ballistics and produced an ash-and-steam plume that rose 5.5 km and drifted SW and S. Ashfall was recorded in Querapi, Ubinas, Sacohaya (7 km SSE), Anascapa (11 km SE), San Miguel (10 km SE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Huatahua, Huarina, Escacha (9 km SE), and Matalaque (17 km SSE), and was most significant within 5 km of the volcano. IGP noted that ash fell within a radius of 20 km and deposits were 1 mm thick in towns in the district of Ubinas.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Gobierno Regional de Moquegua

21 June-27 June 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that a new eruption began at Ubinas on 22 June after three days of increased seismicity. The seismic network recorded a total of 315 volcano-tectonic earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of 1.8 and 281 long-period earthquakes. The eruption began at 0011 on 22 June with a minor ash plume rising 1 km above the crater rim and drifted E based on seismicity and webcams.

During 23-25 June IGP reported a total of 402 volcano-tectonic earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of 1.9 and 865 long-period earthquakes. Sporadic diffuse ash emissions continued during this period that rose as high as 1.5 km above the crater rim. On 23 June the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that diffuse ash plumes were visible in satellite images rising to 6.4 km (21,000 ft) a.s.l., or about 700 m above the summit, and drifting NE and NW. At 1500 they noted that continuous steam emissions occasionally accompanied by diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam images. On 24 June small diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam and satellite images rising 6.4-7 km (21,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l., or 700-1,300 m above the summit, and drifting NW. On 25 June continuous gas emissions with sporadic diffuse ash puffs were visible in webcam images, though the ash was too diffuse to be detected in satellite images. IGP noted that no notable deformation nor thermal anomalies were detected. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second level on a four-color scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

14 June-20 June 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that seismicity at Ubinas had been increasing since mid-May, and that during 1-18 June fumarolic plumes rose 500 m above the crater rim. The Gobierno Regional de Moquegua raised the Alert Level to Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale) on 20 June based on the recommendation from IGP.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Gobierno Regional de Moquegua

29 March-4 April 2023 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that at 1713 on 28 March a moderate-volume lahar descended the Volcánmayo drainage on Ubinas’s SE flank. The town of Tonohaya (7 km SSE) is located along the drainage and the town of Ubinas is 2 km E of the drainage. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale). [Correction: The Alert Level was at Green, the lowest level.]

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

31 March-6 April 2021 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that during 29 March-4 April there were 11 volcano-tectonic earthquakes at Ubinas with magnitudes less than 1.8, and a few seismic signals indicated emissions. Sporadic steam-and-gas plumes rose as high as 200 m above the crater rim. On 5 April the Alert Level was lowered to Green (the lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

30 December-5 January 2021 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that at 1659 on 31 December and at 1746 on 1 January low-volume lahars descended the Volcánmayo drainage on Ubinas’s SE flank and damaged parts of the highway linking Arequipa, Querapi, Ubinas, and Huarina. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (the second lowest level on a four-color scale).

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

13 May-19 May 2020 Cite this Report

During 11-18 May the number of seismic events at Ubinas totaled 54 with volcano-tectonic (VT) signals being the most numerous. Sporadic emissions of gas and steam were recorded by the webcam rising to heights less than 300 m above the summit. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 10-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

18 September-24 September 2019 Cite this Report

During 16-22 September the number of seismic events totaled 4,356, with volcano-tectonic (VT) signals being the most numerous, averaging 567 events per day, and all having magnitudes under M 2.5. Hybrid events averaged 119 events per day. Continuous emissions of blueish gas and water vapor were recorded by the webcam rising to heights less than 1 km above the summit. Four thermal anomalies were recorded by the MIROVA system. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 10-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

11 September-17 September 2019 Cite this Report

During 10-15 September the number of seismic events at Ubinas totaled 4,093, with volcano-tectonic (VT) signals being the most numerous, averaging 572 events per day, and all having magnitudes under M 2.5. Hybrid events averaged 299 events per day. Continuous emissions of blueish gas and water vapor were recorded by the webcam rising to heights less than 1.5 km above the summit. Two thermal anomalies were recorded by the MIROVA system. An explosion at 0725 on 12 September produced a gas-and-ash plume that rose 1.5 km and affected several districts S and SE in the Moquegua region. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 10-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

4 September-10 September 2019 Cite this Report

IGP reported that during 3-9 September three volcanic explosions were detected at Ubinas, all producing eruption plumes that rose to heights less than 2.5 km above the crater rim. The largest, and first, was recorded at 1358 on 3 September and produced significant amounts of ash and gas, affecting areas to the S and SE. After the explosions gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 1 km. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 10-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

28 August-3 September 2019 Cite this Report

IGP reported that during 27 August-2 September gas-and-water-vapor plumes from Ubinas rose to heights less than 1 km above the summit, and three thermal anomalies were recorded by the MIROVA system. The number of seismic events was 2,828 (all under M 2.3), with volcano-tectonic (VT) signals being the most numerous. There was a slight increase in the number of long-period, hybrid, and VT events compared to the previous week. Beginning at 2145 on 1 September a period of continuous ash emissions was recorded by the webcam. An explosion at 1358 on 3 September generated an ash plume that rose 1.3 km above the summit and drifted more than 10 km S and SE. Prior to this event, the last explosion as recorded on 22 July. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 15-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

21 August-27 August 2019 Cite this Report

IGP reported that during 20-26 August blue-colored gas plumes from Ubinas rose above the crater and eight thermal anomalies were recorded by the MIROVA system. The number of seismic events was 1,736 (all under M 2.4), and there was an increase in the magnitude and number of hybrid and long-period events. Around 1030 on 26 August an ash emission rose to heights below 2 km above the crater rim. Continuous ash emissions on 27 August were recorded by satellite and webcam images drifting S and SW. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 15-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

14 August-20 August 2019 Cite this Report

IGP reported that during 13-19 August blue-colored gas plumes from Ubinas rose to heights of less than 1.5 km above the base of the crater. Seven thermal anomalies were recorded by the MIROVA system. The number of seismic events was 1,716 (all under M 2.4), a decrease in the total number recorded during the previous week. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale) and the public were warned to stay outside of a 15-km radius.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

24 July-30 July 2019 Cite this Report

IGP reported that activity at Ubinas continued to be elevated after the 19 July explosions. A total of 1,522 earthquakes, all with magnitudes under 2.2, were recorded during 20-24 July. Explosions were detected at 0718 and 2325 on 22 July. The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume rising to 9.4 km (31,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting SE was identified in satellite data at 0040 on 22 July. Continuous steam-and-gas emissions with sporadic pulses of ash were visible in webcam views during the rest of the day. Ash emissions near the summit crater were periodically visible on 24 July though often partially hidden by weather clouds. Ash plumes were visible in satellite images rising to 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. Diffuse ash emissions near the crater were visible on 25 July, though a thermal anomaly was identified in satellite images. During 26-28 July there were 503 people evacuated from areas affected by ashfall.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Gobierno Regional de Moquegua

17 July-23 July 2019 Cite this Report

IGP reported that during 17-19 July gas-and-ash emissions occasionally rose from Ubinas’s summit crater and drifted N, E, and SE. Beginning at 0227 on 19 July as many as three explosions (two were recorded at 0227 and 0235) generated ash plumes that rose to 5.8 km above the crater rim. The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes rose as high as 6.5 km above the crater rim (or to 40,000 ft. a.s.l.) based on satellite images. The Alert Level was raised to Orange (on a 4-level scale). Ash plumes drifted as far as 250 km E and SE, reaching Bolivia. Ashfall was reported in areas downwind including the towns of Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Anascapa (11 km SE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Sacohaya, San Miguel (10 km SE), Huarina, and Matalaque, causing some families to evacuate. The VAAC reported that during 20-23 July ash plumes rose to 7.3-9.5 km (24,000-31,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E, ESE, and SE.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Gobierno Regional de Moquegua; Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil Perú (INDECI)

10 July-16 July 2019 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that seismic activity at Ubinas remained elevated during 1-15 July; volcano-tectonic events averaged 279 per day and long-period events (indicating fluid movement) averaged 116 events per day. Minor bluish emissions rose from the crater. The Alert Level remained at Yellow (on a 4-level scale).

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

26 June-2 July 2019 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) and INGEMMET reported that seismic activity at Ubinas remained elevated during 24-30 June; volcano-tectonic events averaged 200 per day and signals indicating fluid movement averaged 38 events per day. Emissions of gas, water vapor, and ash rose from the crater and drifted N and NE based on webcam views and corroborated with satellite data. According to a news article an eruption plume rose 400 m above the crater rim and drifted 10 km NE. The Alert Level was raised to Yellow (on a 4-level scale) on 27 June.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Gobierno Regional de Moquegua

19 June-25 June 2019 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) reported that seismic activity at Ubinas increased suddenly on 18 June with signals indicating rock fracturing. During 21-24 June signals indicating fluid movement emerged and, beginning at 0700 on 24 June, webcams recorded ash, gas, and steam plumes rising from the crater. The plumes were visible in satellite images rising to 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting N, NE, and E. IGP recommended that the authorities raise the Alert Level to Yellow (on a 4 level scale).

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

16 November-22 November 2016 Cite this Report

The Comité Científico de Monitoreo Permanente del volcán Ubinas, made up of scientists from IGP's Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur (OVS) and INGEMMET's Observatorio Vulcanológico (OVI), reported that at 1829 on 17 November an explosion at Ubinas generated an ash plume that rose 500 m above the crater rim and drifted W.

Sources: Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI); Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

9 November-15 November 2016 Cite this Report

The Comité Científico de Monitoreo Permanente del volcán Ubinas, made up of scientists from IGP's Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur (OVS) and INGEMMET's Observatorio Vulcanológico (OVI), reported that on 8 November three explosions at Ubinas (at 2126, 2127, and 2149) generated an ash plume that rose 1.5 km above the crater rim and drifted E.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

28 September-4 October 2016 Cite this Report

According to IGP's Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur (OVS) seismicity at Ubinas increased during 9-14 September, characterized by an increased number of volcano-tectonic and hybrid events. Volcano-tectonic vents also became more intense. A small thermal anomaly was detected on 20 September. According to a news article, an "exhalation" occurred at 1921 on 2 October, and was followed by explosions detected at 2250 that same day, and 0424 and 0552 on 3 October. The largest explosion, at 2250 on 2 October, emitted a dense ash plume that rose 1.7 km and drifted 10 km NE and NW, causing ashfall in Santa Rosa de Phara and Yanapuqui.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Peru 21; Correo

13 January-19 January 2016 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 12-18 January the seismic network at Ubinas recorded an increase in the number and magnitude of long-period earthquakes and a decrease in volcano-tectonic events. Thermal anomalies were detected on 13 and 15 January. At 0640 on 15 January a plume rose 500 m above the crater's base. At 1253 an explosion generated an ash plume that rose 3 km above the crater's base and drifted S and SW. The report noted that this was the first explosive event since 5 November 2015.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

11 November-17 November 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 10-16 November sporadic ash-and-gas emissions from Ubinas were observed during rare breaks in the cloud cover. On 13 November an ash plume rose 1.5 km above the crater floor and drifted S and SW. The next day ash plumes rose 600 m. Thermal anomalies were detected on 17 November. Long-period and hybrid earthquakes were less frequent than the previous week; volcano-tectonic signals increased although the energy levels remained low.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

4 November-10 November 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 3-9 November ash-and-gas emissions rose above Ubinas. A moderate explosion detected at 1216 on 5 November generated an ash plume that rose 2.2 km. Thermal anomalies were detected on 3, 5, and 8 November.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

28 October-3 November 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 27 October-2 November seismicity at Ubinas fluctuated; the level of long-period earthquakes remained high and continued to increase, while hybrid and volcano-tectonic signals also increased but remained at low levels. Steam-and-gas plumes with some ash rose from the crater. Thermal anomalies were detected on 30 October and 1 November.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

21 October-27 October 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 20-26 October seismicity at Ubinas decreased overall; the level of long-period earthquakes remained high while hybrid and volcano-tectonic signals were at low levels. On 21 October an ash plume rose 1 km and drifted NE and E. Bluish gas-and-steam plumes rose from the crater during the rest of the period.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

14 October-20 October 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 13-19 October seismicity at Ubinas fluctuated; moderate levels of seismicity were detected near the beginning of the period but then declined during the second half of the week. Thermal anomalies were detected during 13-14 October. Five explosions generated ash plumes that rose 2 km above the crater on 15 October.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

16 September-22 September 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that long-period and volcano-tectonic events were at low levels at Ubinas during 15-21 September. Sporadic steam-and-gas plumes rose 600 m. Seismicity (hybrid and long-period events) increased during 20-21 September. An explosion on 21 September at 0914 produced ash plumes that rose 1.7 km and drifted S; ash emission continued until about 0800 the next day. Ashfall was reported in Querapi (4.5 km SE), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), Anascapa (11 km SE), Sacohaya, and San Miguel (10 km SE).

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

2 September-8 September 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported increased seismicity at Ubinas during 1-7 September, specifically an increase in the occurrence of long-period events and hybrid signals. Tremor increased during 5-7 September. A steam plume rose 1.5 km above the base of the crater on 2 September, and ash emissions were recorded during 6-7 September.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

12 August-18 August 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported increased seismicity at Ubinas during 12-18 August, specifically an increase in the frequency of volcano-tectonic and hybrid signals. At 1016 on 15 August an ash-and-steam plume rose 1.6 km above the crater base. White and blue gas emissions rose from the crater on other days.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

22 July-28 July 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 21-26 July seismic activity at Ubinas increased, particularly during 25-26 July. Constant gas, steam, and ash emissions were observed during 21-24 July. On 25 July bluish gas emissions were observed most of the day until a strong explosion (the strongest so far in 2015) at 1903 ejected ash, lapilli, and ballistics. Lapilli and some 1-2-cm-long fragments fell in the towns of Ubinas (6.5 km SSE) and Escacha. Another explosion was registered at 2003.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

8 July-14 July 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 7-13 July seismic activity declined. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes continued to decrease and the rate of long-period events slightly increased as compared to the previous week. The number of hybrid events decreased, and tremor associated with emissions was greatly reduced. Explosions were observed on 9 and 11 July, producing ash plumes that drifted NE, E, and S. Ash emissions were observed on other days as well.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

1 July-7 July 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 30 June-6 July volcano-tectonic earthquakes decreased and the rate of long-period events remained steady as compared to the previous week. The number of hybrid events slightly increased. Explosions were observed, and ash emissions rose as high as 1.6 km above the crater base and drifted NE, E, and SE.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

24 June-30 June 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 23-29 June seismic tremor at Ubinas, often associated with emissions, slightly increased compared to the previous week. Ash-and-gas plumes rose as high as 3 km above the crater base, drifting in multiple directions, and four explosions were detected during 24-27 June.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

17 June-23 June 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 17-22 June the occurrence of long-period earthquakes slightly increased to an average of 110 events/day from 62 events/day the previous week. Volcano-tectonic events continued to occur at a high rate. Harmonic tremor and hybrid events were also detected. Ash-and-gas emissions rose as high as 2 km above the crater base and drifted in multiple directions; 12 emissions were counted, eight of them on 22 June.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

10 June-16 June 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 9-16 June the number of long-period earthquakes greatly decreased to 62 events/day from 778 events/day the previous week. Volcano-tectonic events continued to occur at a high rate. Periods of constant ash emissions during 9-11 June rose as high as 1.4 km above the crater base and drifted mainly NE, E, and SE. Sporadic pulses of gas and ash on 12 June rose 800 m. A hybrid event was recorded at 1915 on 13 June; six hours later a thermal anomaly was detected by satellite images. Another thermal anomaly was detected on 16 June.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

3 June-9 June 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 2-8 June long-period earthquakes continued at a high rate, in occurrence and magnitude. A large number of observed ash emissions were related to periods of tremor and swarms of long-period earthquakes. Ash emissions rose 1.2 km above the crater base and drifted in multiple directions.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

20 May-26 May 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 19-26 May long-period earthquakes continued at the same rate while volcano-tectonic and hybrid events increased. Overall the dominant signal was spasmodic tremor associated with ash-and-steam emissions. While conducting fieldwork during 19-22 May, OVS staff observed persistent water vapor, gas, and ash emissions that rose 400 m. At 1051 and 1213 on 24 May ash plumes rose as high as 1.2 km and drifted NE and E.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

29 April-5 May 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 29 April-5 May long-period and tornillo-type earthquakes continued to decrease while volcano-tectonic events increased. Hybrid events were at a low level, however, an increase in the number of events were detected on 29 April. Overall the dominant signal was spasmodic tremor associated with ash-and-steam emissions. Constant steam emissions were visually observed even though cloud cover often prevented observations. Ash emission increased on 1 May, rising as high as 800 m above the crater.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

15 April-21 April 2015 Cite this Report

According to Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI), six explosions from Ubinas were recorded during 15-17 April, producing ash plumes that drifted 15 km SW, S, and SE. The largest ash plume, generated from an explosion detected at 0759 on 15 April, rose 3.5 km. The other explosions (at 1408 on 15 April, at 0600 on 16 April, and at 0743, 0936, and 1518 on 17 April) generated ash plumes that rose 1.5-1.8 km. Seismicity consisting of tornillos, hybrid events, and long-period events decreased from the previous week; the dominant signal was tremor characteristic of emissions and hydrothermal activity.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

8 April-14 April 2015 Cite this Report

INGEMMET's Observatorio Vulcanológico (OVI) reported that after a decline in activity at Ubinas during the previous five months two phreatic explosions were detected on 8 April. The explosions occurred at 0424 and 0550, generated ash-and-gas plumes that rose 2-2.5 km above the crater and drifted SE. According to Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) snowmelt during 12-13 April led to large lahars that descended the S flank. A report on 13 April noted that large volumes of ash continued to be emitted during the previous 48 hours.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

11 March-17 March 2015 Cite this Report

Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) Observatorio Volcanológico del Sur (OVS) reported that during 10 February-17 March seismicity at Ubinas was generally low, although a hybrid event was detected on 11 March. Two main sources of seismicity were located 1 km W of the crater at depths of 1-3 km and 2 km NW at depths of 1-5 km. Water-vapor emissions rose as high as 1.5 km above the crater. Sporadic ash emissions were observed on 17 March.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

19 November-25 November 2014 Cite this Report

According to IGP a small 64-second-long explosion at Ubinas, that started at 0741 on 23 November, produced an ash plume that rose 2.5 km above the crater's base and drifted S and SE. A second explosion occurred at 1004 and generated an ash plume that rose 2.2 km and drifted S. Residents of Ubinas felt a slight rumble at the time of the second explosion.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

8 October-14 October 2014 Cite this Report

IGP and INGEMMET reported that the Alert Level for Ubinas was lowered to Yellow on 10 October; seismicity, the number of explosions, and sulfur dioxide output had all declined. The report noted that sporadic ash emissions as well as explosions were expected to continue.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

10 September-16 September 2014 Cite this Report

During 10-16 September IGP reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing and maintained Alert Level Orange. On 10 September there were 15 explosions with plumes 900-1,700 m above the crater and 10 exhalation events; on 11 September there was one explosion with a plume 3,000 m above the crater and 8 exhalation events (600-900 m above the crater). There were no explosions or exhalations during 12-16 September, although seismicity (LP, VT, and hybrid earthquakes) continued except on 13 September when hybrid earthquakes were absent.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

3 September-9 September 2014 Cite this Report

During 3-9 September IGP reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing. During 3-4 and 9 September, steam plumes from fumaroles occasionally rose from the summit. Seismicity was generally low but dominated by tremor. Two exhalations of ash were observed on 5 September, the first at 0858 generated an ash plume up to 1,000 m above the summit which dispersed S. The second plume occurred at 1327 and dispersed ash 500 m above the summit that dispersed N.

A total of five explosions were detected on 8 September, the strongest occurred at 0850 and produced a 1,200 m plume; the second explosion expelled ash to heights between 1,300 and 1,900 m; ashfall was noted in areas S.

The Buenos Aires VAAC reported Aviation Color Code Orange on 8 and 9 September when visible images revealed a narrow plume of steam and ash drifting SE. By 0400 on 9 September, the emissions contained water vapor, gas, and light ash, and reached an altitude of 7,300 m (24,000 ft) a.s.l..

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 August-2 September 2014 Cite this Report

During 27 August-2 September INGEMMET reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing. During 27-31 August gas and ash plumes rose 200-1100 m above the crater and drifted E, NE, SE, and S. On 27 August INGEMMET reported increased volcanic tremor which continued until 30 August when the volcanic tremor decreased. On 28 August the Buenos Aires VAAC listed the Aviation Color Code at Red, noting intermittent light ash and possible ongoing emissions.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

20 August-26 August 2014 Cite this Report

During 20-26 August INGEMMET reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing. During 20-25 August water vapor, gas, and minor ash plumes rose 200-1800 m above the crater and drifted E, NE, and S. On 21 August an explosion was followed by an ash plume that rose 4.2 km (13,800 ft) above the summit and drifted S and expelled incandescent blocks up to 2 km from the crater, primarily on the S flank. The explosion was heard up to 10 km from the volcano. On 22 August an ash plume rose to 1.8 km (5,900 ft) and drifted E and NE. On 21-22 August ashfall was reported in the towns of Querapi, Ubinas, Escacha, Tonohaya, and Yalahua.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

13 August-19 August 2014 Cite this Report

During 13-17 August INGEMMET reported that seismicity has decreased and the eruption of Ubinas continued. Mild steam-and-gas emissions rose 200-400 m above the summit and drifted SE and NE.

Source: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

6 August-12 August 2014 Cite this Report

During 6-9 August INGEMMET reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing. On 6-7 August gas-and-minor ash emissions rose 300-1200 m above the crater and drifted NE and S. On 6 August ash was reported in the village of Para (NE). On 8-9 August, white emissions of primarily water vapor rose 100-300 m above the crater and drifted S and SE. On 6 August Buenos Aires VAAC reported intermittent light volcanic ash and emission puffs to 6.7 km (22,000 ft)a.s.l. and continuous emissions of gases and light ash on 7 August.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

30 July-5 August 2014 Cite this Report

On 31 July and 3-5 August the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emission of light ash from Ubinas. On 30 July INGEMMET reportedsteam-and-gas plumes that rose 500-1100 m above the summit. On 31 July INGEMMET reported an eruption column rose to 3 km (9,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW. On 1 and 3 August gas-and-ash emission rose 200-1200 m above the crater and drifted W.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

23 July-29 July 2014 Cite this Report

On 23 July the Buenos Aires VAAC reported a weak emission of light ash. During 23-25 July INGEMMET and IGP reported that seismicity at Ubinas has decreased. On 23-24 July mild gas-and-ash emissions rose 200-550 m above the summit and drifted E and NE. On 25 July there were no explosions, but minor gas and ash emissions drifted E.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

16 July-22 July 2014 Cite this Report

During 16-22 July INGEMMET and IGP reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing with gas-and-ash emissions reported most days. An explosion on 17 July, preceded by several days of banded tremor, generated an eruption column that rose 5 km above the summit and expelled incandescent blocks onto the flanks. More explosions on 19 and 21 produced eruption columns of gas-and-ash; the column on 19 July rose 2.8 km above the summit. Emissions and exhalations on 16, 18, and 22 July of gas-and-ash rose to 200-1800 m above the summit. Eruption columns and emissions drifted mostly E, NE, and SE. There were no significant emissions on 20 July. Ashfall was reported in various towns downwind of the plumes, in the areas of Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), San Miguel (10 km SE), Escacha, Yalahua, Lloque, and Sacuhaya.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

9 July-15 July 2014 Cite this Report

IGP reported that the eruption of Ubinas was continuing during 12 June-10 July. During 12-30 June six explosions generated plumes 1,400-3,600 m above the crater. Volcanic tremor was associated with ash emissions during 12-21, 25, and 26 June. During 28-29 June more than 1,000 hybrid earthquakes were recorded, but volcano-tectonic earthquakes were scarce. A moderate explosion on 30 June generated an incandescent plume. After more than 50 hours of tremor, a moderate explosion occurred at 0858 on 30 June; the plume reached 1,800 m above the crater and ejected tephra 1,500 m down the NW flank.

During 30 June-10 July IGP detected five, small-sized explosions that generated plumes 400-1,500 m above the crater. Seismicity was also reduced during this period; the greatest number of hybrid earthquakes was registered on 6 July when a swarm of 115 earthquakes occurred.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

25 June-1 July 2014 Cite this Report

The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 25-28 June there was continuous steam and possible ash emission from Ubinas. In a press release from 30 June, IGP noted minimal releases of ash and gas emissions had been observed during the previous days. Gas-and-ash plumes observed on 30 June rose 1.8 km above the crater. Minor ashfall was reported SE.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

18 June-24 June 2014 Cite this Report

INGEMMET reported intermittent explosions from Ubinas along with continuing daily tremor and long-period earthquales during 18-23 June. Two explosions were noted on 18 June, as were six gas-and-ash emissions that generated diffuse plumes 400-700 m above the summit. Ashfall was reported in Querapi (located 4 km S). On 19 June the seismic network detected two explosions, and gas-and-ash emissions were observed nine times, reaching 300-1,200 m above the crater. Ashfall was reported in the areas of Querapi, Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Tonohaya (7 km SSE), and San Miguel (10 km SE).

No explosions were recorded on 20 June, but seven gas-and-ash emissions were observed (200-500 m above the crater) with the webcamera. On 21 June, six explosions were recorded, with gas-and-ash plumes seen nine times to heights of 500-1,200 m above the crater. Light ashfall was reported in the towns of Ubinas, Lloque, and Yunga. Seismicity on 22 June included one explosion signature. The webcamera captured views of eight gas-and-ash plumes that reached 300-1,000 m above the crater. No explosions were registered on 23 June, although six gas-and-ash plumes were observed with plume heights as high as 1,300 m above the crater.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

11 June-17 June 2014 Cite this Report

In a 12 June press release, IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) reported that activity at Ubinas had decreased since April, however periods of intense tremor mainly associated with ash emissions continued to be detected. Ashfall affected areas around the volcano, especially within 6 km E and SSW. An IGP update on 17 June noted a small explosion at 1335 that day that sent ash 1,800 m above the crater, to an altitude of about 7,400 m (24,500 ft) a.s.l.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

4 June-10 June 2014 Cite this Report

In a press release from 5 June, IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that an Alert Level Orange continued for residents affected by the Ubinas eruption. Residents of Querapi and Tonohaya remained evacuated. The report noted that a significant and continuous release of ash emissions and gasses were observed during the previous days. Gas-and-ash plumes observed during 5-7 June rose 0.2-2 km above the crater. Minor ashfall was reported in Lloque and Yungas during 6-7 June.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

28 May-3 June 2014 Cite this Report

Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 28-29 May ash emissions at Ubinas continued; gas-and-ash plumes rose 0.6-2.5 km above the crater and drifted ESE. Ashfall was reported in various towns downwind of the plumes, including Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Chojata, San Miguel, and Tonohaya. The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that seismicity fluctuated during 2-3 June. Satellite and webcam images as well as pilot observations indicated continuous emission of gas and ash that rose to altitudes of 6.7-10.7 km (22,000-35,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

21 May-27 May 2014 Cite this Report

Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 21-23 and 25-27 May ash emissions at Ubinas continued. On most days gas-and-ash plumes rose 0.7-3.8 km above the crater and drifted W, N, E, and SE. Ashfall was reported in various towns downwind of the plumes including Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Lloque, Chojata, San Miguel, and Tonohaya.

Source: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

14 May-20 May 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 14-16 May emissions at Ubinas continued. On 14 May emissions with minor amounts of ash rose 0.6-1.8 km above the crater. An explosion at 1902 on 14 May ejected fragments around the crater and caused thick ashfall in Chojata and Escacha. Water vapor and ash plumes rose 0.7-3.5 km on 15 May, and gas, steam, and ash plumes rose 500-800 m on 16 May. A moderate explosion at 1915 on 18 May was followed by nine hours of continuous emissions. Later that day gas-and-ash plumes rose 0.4-1.1 km. During 14-16 and 18 May ash fell in various towns downwind of the plumes, including Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Lloque, Chojata, and Tonohaya.

A news article from 15 May noted that the mayor of the district of San Juan de Tarucani in Arequipa continued the effort to relocate families.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

7 May-13 May 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 7-12 May gas-and-ash plumes, sometimes with only minor amounts of ash, rose 0.6-3 km above the crater. Ash fell in various towns downwind of the plumes including Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Anascapa, San Miguel, and Tonohaya. Significant ashfall was reported in Santa Rosa de Phara on 8 May.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

30 April-6 May 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 30 April-1 May seismic activity at Ubinas increased significantly, and then declined through 6 May. Explosions generated ash plumes that rose 0.2-3 km above the crater and drifted in multiple directions, especially to the S, SE, E, and NE. Ash fell in various towns downwind of the plumes including Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Anascapa, San Miguel, and Lloque. On 4 May minor amounts of ash fell throughout the Ubinas valley, more than 15 km away. Although sulfur dioxide emissions had been declining since the peak on 15 April (4,873 tons per day) they continued to be high at more than 1,000 tons per day; villages downwind reported strong sulfur odors.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

23 April-29 April 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 23-28 April daily explosions at Ubinas generated ash plumes that rose 0.2-2.5 km above the crater and drifted in multiple directions, especially to the S, SE, and E. Ash fell in various towns downwind of the plumes including Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Escacha, Yungas, and Chojata. Seismicity was at a low level; signals indicating magma ascent were absent.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

16 April-22 April 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that 21 moderate explosions at Ubinas were detected during 11-16 April along with a sharp increase in seismicity; the magnitude and frequency of explosions increased during 14-16 April. Multiple explosions during 16-22 April ejected incandescent tephra, and generated plumes of gas, water vapor, and ash that rose at most 5 km above the crater. Ash fell in multiple areas in almost all directions, but was most concentrated to the S, SW, and W; towns affected included Querapi (4 km S), Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Sacuaya, Huatagua (14 km SE), Escacha, Quinistaquillas, San Miguel (10 km SE), Tonohaya, and Matalaque. On 18 April at 1836 a significant gas-and-ash emission was accompanied by the ejection of incandescent blocks that landed up to 2 km from the crater. Explosions on 19 and 22 April ejected incandescent tephra, 20-30 cm in diameter, up to 2.5 km away from the crater. Fine ash fell in Omate, 37 km SSW. According to a news article, an evacuation of 4,000 residents was underway, along with nearly 30,000 livestock.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Disaster News Network

9 April-15 April 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) and Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that during 9-14 April seismicity at Ubinas remained high. Gas-and-ash plumes rose 0.3-2.2 km above the crater and drifted mostly E, SE, and S. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Huatagua (14 km SE), Anascapa (11 km SE), Tonohaya (7 km SSE), San Miguel (10 km SE), Sacuaya, Querapi (4 km S), San Juan de Tarucani, Escacha, Ichuña, Yungas, and Chojata. On 13 April a significant explosion occurred that possibly removed the body of recently erupted lava on the crater floor; incandescent tephra was ejected from the crater. On 14 April an explosion ejected incandescent tephra from the crater that was deposited on the W flank.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

2 April-8 April 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) reported that during 29 March-2 April seismicity at Ubinas increased significantly. The increase began at 1000 on 29 March with energetic tremor (indicating magma ascent and degassing) and small explosions. On 2 April harmonic tremor was detected. Gas-and-ash plumes rose 0.9-2.2 km above the crater and drifted SE and E. Minor ashfall was reported in Tonohaya (7 km SSE), San Miguel, and Ubinas (6.5 km SSE). Based on webcam views, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 3 April gas-and-steam plumes possibly containing ash rose 6.1-7.3 km (20,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. and dissipated around the crater. IGP-OVA noted that on 4 April there were 23 explosions detected; ash plumes drifted S and SE. During 5-7 April explosions generated ash plumes that rose as high as 2 km and drifted S and SW. During 7-8 April explosions also ejected incandescent fragments, up to 20 cm in diameter, no more than 1 km away. Ash plumes rose as high as 3 km.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

26 March-1 April 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) reported that volcanologists visiting Ubinas on 19 March observed that lava had continued erupt, covering the 120-m-wide crater floor. Seismic signals detected during 20-21 and 23 March indicating increased lava emissions. Gas-and-ash plumes rose as high as 1.3 km above the crater almost daily during 10-25 March; ashfall was reported on 25 March in nearby villages and noises from the volcano were audible in areas as far as 6 km SE.

INGEMMET reported that on 26 March gas-and-ash emissions rose 1.2-1.7 km and drifted NE, E, and SW. Small amounts of fine ash fell within 4 km of the crater. Ash emissions on 27 March caused ashfall in Ubinas (6.5 km SSE), Querapi (4 km S), and Tonohaya (7 km SSE). Rockslides traveled down the SE flank. On 28 March residents of Ubinas reported noises from the volcano. Seismicity increased the next day and was characterized by long-period earthquakes and harmonic tremor. On 30 March gas-and-steam plumes rose as high as 1.2 km. A news article stated that residents of Querapi had started to evacuate. A low-energy explosion occurred at 0743 on 31 March and produced an ash plume that rose 1.2 km. More low-energy explosions followed: at 1119, 1306, 1518, and 1616. The explosions produced ash plumes that rose 1-1.8 km. Ashfall was reported in Ubinas and Querapi.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); La República; Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

19 March-25 March 2014 Cite this Report

In a 23 March news article IGP volcanologists noted that the seismic network at Ubinas indicated a large output of lava during 10-11 March; sulfur dioxide emissions also increased during this period. Lava in the crater was incandescent. Based on analysis of satellite images and the INGEMMET web cam, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an emission of gas and steam on 23 March possibly contained diffuse ash. The plume drifted NE before dissipating about 55 km away. The next day another steam-and-gas emission possibly containing some ash drifted NE.

On 25 March Observatorio Vulcanológico del INGEMMET (OVI) reported that in the previous days bluish white gas plumes rose 1.3 km above the crater rim and sulfur dioxide emissions averaged 2,200 tons per day. The report also noted that lava had continued to erupt in recent weeks.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Grupo RPP

12 March-18 March 2014 Cite this Report

Based on analyses of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that diffuse plumes from Ubinas, possibly containing ash, drifted WNW on 13 March and SW on 15 March. Satellite images on 16 March showed a diffuse gas plume containing some ash drifting WSW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

5 March-11 March 2014 Cite this Report

IGP reported that during 26 February-4 March activity at Ubinas was characterized as low to moderate; seismicity fluctuated but remained low. Volcanologists visited the crater during 1-2 March and observed a new elongated body of incandescent lava that was 30-40 m long and emitted bluish gas. The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that although a pilot reported an ash plume drifting NE at an altitude of 8.8 km (29,000 ft) a.s.l. on 7 March, there was no indication of ash in satellite images. On 10 March a narrow and diffuse plume possibly containing ash was detected in satellite images drifting SW. Clear images the next day showed no ash present.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 February-18 February 2014 Cite this Report

IGP reported that a phreatic explosion from Ubinas occurred at 1445 on 14 February and generated a water vapor, gas, and ash plume that rose 1 km above the crater. Seismic activity had been increasing before the explosion, since 8 February.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

5 February-11 February 2014 Cite this Report

IGP's Observatorio Volcanologico de Arequipa (IGP-OVA) reported that on 1 February at 1559 a gas-and-ash plume from Ubinas rose 0.5-2 km above the crater and drifted E and SE. A photo showed ash from the plume falling onto the flanks. The event was accompanied by increased seismicity for several hours. At 2027 on 7 February a large volcano-tectonic earthquake occurred under the volcano at a depth of 9 km. Bluish gas emissions were sporadic during 8-11 February.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

29 January-4 February 2014 Cite this Report

IGP reported that two earthquake swarms at Ubinas were detected: the first during 8-9 January and the second on 25 January. An emission was observed on 23 January. Seismicity increased again during 30-31 January. The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that, although a pilot reported an ash plume on 2 February, there was no ash detected in satellite images. The next day a pilot observed steam emissions with small amounts of ash; satellite images confirmed the presence of ash.

Sources: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

23 October-29 October 2013 Cite this Report

IGP reported that a 2-minute-long non-explosive seismic signal indicated gas-and-ash emissions at Ubinas on 22 October.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

4 September-10 September 2013 Cite this Report

According to a news source, IGP reported that a seventh phreatic explosion from Ubinas occurred just after 1800 on 4 September; six explosions were recorded between 1 and 3 September. The explosion caused alarmed residents of Querapi, 4 km S, to temporarily leave their homes and congregate in the town square.

Source: La República

28 August-3 September 2013 Cite this Report

IGP reported six phreatic explosions from Ubinas during 1-3 September. The series of explosions decreased in both energy and length of the tremor signal associated with each explosion; tremor lasted 75 minutes for the first explosion and 5-10 minutes for the last one. Most of the explosions generated ash plumes that rose 1.5-2 km above the crater.

The first explosion occurred at 2246 on 1 September, lasted 110 seconds, ejected ballistics up to 2 m in diameter, and caused ashfall 2 km ENE. The second explosion, at 1552 on 2 September, lasted 292 seconds and ejected fewer ballistics. Details for the 3rd through the 6th explosions are as follows: the 3rd occurred at 2350 on 2 September and lasted 279 seconds; the 4th occurred at 0809 on 3 September and lasted 296 seconds; the 5th occurred at 1021 on 3 September and lasted 288 seconds; the 6th occurred at 1029 on 3 September and lasted 74 seconds.

Source: Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP)

10 July-16 July 2013 Cite this Report

The Buenos Aires VAAC reported that, although a pilot reported an ash plume from Ubinas rising to an altitude of 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting W on [11 July], there was no ash detected in clear satellite images.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

14 July-20 July 2010 Cite this Report

Based on a pilot observation and analyses of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 18 July an ash plume from Ubinas drifted NE. A subsequent report about 12 hours later stated that no further activity was seen.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 August-25 August 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a pilot observation, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an emission from Ubinas was seen on 23 August. Ash was not detected in satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 August-18 August 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an emission from Ubinas was seen on 15 August. Ash was not detected in satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

1 July-7 July 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a pilot observation, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 4 July an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 6.7-9.1 km (22,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Ash was not detected on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

10 June-16 June 2009 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices and analysis of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 11 and 13-15 June eruptions from Ubinas produced ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.9 km (18,000-26,000 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted NE, E, and SE. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery on 13 June.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

3 June-9 June 2009 Cite this Report

Based on analysis of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 5 June plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 6.1-6.7 km (20,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W and S. A pilot reported that an ash plume rose to an altitude of 7.9 km (26,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. On 6 and 9 June, plumes seen on satellite imagery rose to altitudes of 6.1-7.6 km (20,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S and NE, respectively.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 May-2 June 2009 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 29 and 31 May eruptions from Ubinas produced ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SW. Ash was not detected on satellite imagery on 31 May. INGEMMET reported on 1 June a bluish gas plume with some ash content. On 2 June, an explosion was detected and gas-and-ash plumes that rose 0.9-1.5 km drifted E.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

20 May-26 May 2009 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 20 May an eruption of Ubinas produced an ash plume that rose to an altitude of 7.3 km (24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. Ash was not detected on satellite imagery. According to a news article, two explosions were detected on 25 May. Gas emissions impacted local residents and their fields, prompting residents to request government assistance.

Sources: Peru.com; Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

13 May-19 May 2009 Cite this Report

Based on pilot observations, analysis of satellite imagery, and SIGMET notices, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 15-19 May ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, NW, and SSE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

18 March-24 March 2009 Cite this Report

Based on pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that a plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 7.9 km (26,000 ft) a.s.l. on 18 March. Ash was not identified in satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 March-17 March 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice and analysis of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 11-12 March ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.3 km (18,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. A SIGMET notice described an ash plume that rose to altitudes of 9.1-9.8 km (30,000-32,000 ft) a.s.l. on 15 March; ash was not identified in satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

4 March-10 March 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice and analysis of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 4 March an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 5.8 km (19,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

18 February-24 February 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice and a pilot observation, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 23 February an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 6.2-7.6 km (20,500-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S. Ash was not seen on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 February-17 February 2009 Cite this Report

INGEMMET reported that although cloud cover occasionally prevented visual observations of Ubinas, steam and steam-and-ash plumes were seen during 11-16 February and rose to altitudes of 5.7-6.5 km (18,700-21,300 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted NE, N, W, and SW.

Source: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

28 January-3 February 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 31 January an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW. Ash was not seen on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

7 January-13 January 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 11 January an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 7.3 km (24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

31 December-6 January 2009 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 5 January an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

26 November-2 December 2008 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET notice, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 30 November an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

29 October-4 November 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 31 October ash plumes were continuously emitted from Ubinas and rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted E.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

22 October-28 October 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 22 October ash plumes were continuously emitted from Ubinas and rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted S.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

15 October-21 October 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices and pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 15, 18, 20, and 21 October ash plumes were continuously emitted from Ubinas and rose to altitudes of 4.9-7 km (16,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted SE and NW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

8 October-14 October 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET notices, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 11-13 October ash plumes were continuously emitted from Ubinas and rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted SE and W.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

1 October-7 October 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 1 and 3 October ash plumes were continuously emitted from Ubinas and rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted N and NE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

24 September-30 September 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 30 September ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-8.8 km (18,000-29,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SSE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

17 September-23 September 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 17 September ash plumes from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 10.1 km (33,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE. The next day, ash plumes rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

10 September-16 September 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 10 and 13-15 September ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-10.1 km (18,000-33,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, S, SE, E, and NE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

3 September-9 September 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports and pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 5-6 September ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 August-2 September 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, analysis of satellite imagery, and pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 26-27 August and on 2 September continuous ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted N on 27 August and S on 2 September.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

13 August-19 August 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports and pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 18 August ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

23 July-29 July 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-5.8 km (18,000-19,000 ft) a.s.l. on 23 July and drifted SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

9 July-15 July 2008 Cite this Report

Ash advisories issued by the Buenos Aires VAAC, based on SIGMET notices, indicated ash plumes on 9, 10, and 15 July rising to 5.5-5.8 km (18-19,000 ft) a.s.l. and moving E.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

2 July-8 July 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-5.8 km (18,000-19,000 ft) a.s.l. on 7 July and drifted NE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

25 June-1 July 2008 Cite this Report

According to a news articles on 30 June, the Alert level for Ubinas continued at Yellow because small explosions and ash-and-gas emissions continued during the previous two months. Inhabitants of local communities and their livestock have suffered the effects of gas and ash emissions. Local authorities have begun discussion of the potential relocation of about 650 affected families.

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-120,000 ft) a.s.l. on 26 June. The plume drifted NE and was not observed on satellite imagery.

Sources: La República; Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Perú 21

18 June-24 June 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-5.8 km (18,000-19,000 ft) a.s.l. on 18 June and altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. on 22 June. The plumes drifted S, SE, and NE and were not observed on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 June-17 June 2008 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET report, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 13 June an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

4 June-10 June 2008 Cite this Report

Based on a SIGMET report and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 7 June an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 7.3 km (24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

28 May-3 June 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, SIGMET reports, and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 28-29 May ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SE. An ash plume rose to an altitude of 4.6 km (15,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SSW on 3 June.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

21 May-27 May 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 22-24 May ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 4.9-7.9 km (16,000 and 26,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, E, NE, and SE. On 26 May, a pilot reported that a plume rose to an altitude of km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SSE. The plume was also identified on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

14 May-20 May 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 5.5 and 8.5 km (18,000 and 28,000 ft) a.s.l. on 15 and 19 May, respectively. The plumes drifted E and SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

7 May-13 May 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports and pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. on 9 and 12 May. Plumes drifted E and SE, respectively.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

30 April-6 May 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-9.1 km (18,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE during 30 April-3 May. According to news articles, an ash-and-gas plume rose to an altitude of 6.2 km (20,300 ft) a.s.l. on 2 May. Ashfall was reported in local communities and dozens of residents of Querapi, about 4.5 km SE, were evacuated.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Associated Press; NBC News

23 April-29 April 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET reports and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-9.1 km (18,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and S on 23 April.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

16 April-22 April 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, SIGMET reports, and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted ESE and NE during 19-22 April.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

9 April-15 April 2008 Cite this Report

Based on SIGMET advisories, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted ENE on 15 April.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

2 April-8 April 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E on 6 April.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

26 March-1 April 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 3.7-6.7 km (12,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. on 26 March and 1 April. The plumes drifted SW and NW, respectively.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 March-18 March 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot observations, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N on 17 March.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

5 March-11 March 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted W and SW on 9 March.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 February-4 March 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 2 March.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

20 February-26 February 2008 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-8.5 km (18,000-28,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 23 February.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 December-25 December 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and SW during 24-25 December.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 December-18 December 2007 Cite this Report

Based on Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories and pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas drifted NW during 11-12 December.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

5 December-11 December 2007 Cite this Report

Based on Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories and pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-8.5 km (18,000-28,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N and NE during 4-7 and 10 December.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

28 November-4 December 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a pilot report and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 6.7-7.6 km (22,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW and NE during 28-29 November.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

7 November-13 November 2007 Cite this Report

Based on Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. during 11-12 November. Plumes drifted NNE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

31 October-6 November 2007 Cite this Report

Based on Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. during 1 and 3-6 November. Plumes drifted NE and SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

24 October-30 October 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisory, pilot reports, and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-8.5 km (18,000-28,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW and NE during 23-27 October.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

17 October-23 October 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisory, pilot reports, and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.3 km (18,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW and NE during 19-20 and 22-23 October.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

10 October-16 October 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisory and observations of satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NNE, SE, and ESE during 11-13 and 15 October

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

3 October-9 October 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E on 12 and 20 September. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 September-25 September 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E on 12 and 20 September. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 September-18 September 2007 Cite this Report

Based on observations of satellite imagery and a pilot report, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that eruption plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 12 and 14 September.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

5 September-11 September 2007 Cite this Report

Based on observations of satellite imagery and a pilot report, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an eruption plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.6 km (18,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 11 September.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

8 August-14 August 2007 Cite this Report

Based on satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an eruption plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 9 August.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

25 July-31 July 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisory, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 5.8 km (19,000 ft) a.s.l. on 23 and 25 July. The plumes drifted SE and S, respectively. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery. On 24 July, a diffuse plume was visible on satellite imagery at an altitude of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

18 July-24 July 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisory, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 6.1 km (20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE on 22 July. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

4 July-10 July 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisory, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude between 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S on 4 July. Ash was not identified on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 June-3 July 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot observations and Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that Ubinas produced ash plumes during 27-28 June to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted SW, NE, and E. A diffuse ash plume was visible on satellite imagery on 2 July.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

13 June-19 June 2007 Cite this Report

Based on observations from satellite imagery and Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 13-17 June continuous emissions from Ubinas produced ash plumes to altitudes of 5.8-6.7 km (19,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted NNE, E, SE, SW, and W.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

6 June-12 June 2007 Cite this Report

Based on Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 12 June an ash plume from Ubinas rose to an altitude of 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

30 May-5 June 2007 Cite this Report

Based on observations from satellite imagery and Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 30 May-3 June and on 6 June ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 3.7-7.6 km (12,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted NE, ESE, and SSE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

23 May-29 May 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, observations from satellite imagery, and Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET) advisories, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that during 22-28 May ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7.3 km (18,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted NE, E, and ESE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

16 May-22 May 2007 Cite this Report

INGEMMET reported that during 16-17 May, ash and gas plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.8-7.7 km (19,000-25,300 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, SE, and E. Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that continuous emissions produced ash plumes that rose to altitudes of 5.6-9.1 km (18,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. during 17 and 19-22 May. Plumes drifted ESE, SE, and E.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET)

9 May-15 May 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that on 12 and 15 May ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-8.2 km (18,000-27,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE and N, respectively.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

2 May-8 May 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-9.1 km (18,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. during 2-5 May. Plumes drifted NE, S, SE, and SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

25 April-1 May 2007 Cite this Report

Based on satellite imagery and pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. on 26, 29, and 30 April, and 1 May. Plumes drifted E and SS

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

18 April-24 April 2007 Cite this Report

INGEMMET reported that on 18 April, explosions from Ubinas produced gas and ash plumes to altitudes of 5.9-7.7 km (19,400-25,300 ft) a.s.l. Plumes drifted SW. Based on significant meteorological (SIGMET) notices, satellite imagery, and pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (18,000-28,000 ft) a.s.l. on 17, 18, 22, and 24 April. Plumes drifted NW, SW, and SE.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 April-17 April 2007 Cite this Report

Based on a significant meteorological notice (SIGMET), the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas rose to altitudes of 5.5-7 km (26,000-27,000 ft) a.s.l. on 10 April and drifted W. INGEMMET reported that on 11 April, emissions of gas and ash produced plumes to altitudes of 6.2-6.4 km (20,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. Based on an additional SIGMET, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume rose to altitudes of 6.1-6.4 km (20,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

4 April-10 April 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and a significant meteorological notice (SIGMET), the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash plumes from Ubinas rose to 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. during 5 and 7-9 April. Plumes drifted E, SE, S, and SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

28 March-3 April 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash cloud from Ubinas rose to 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. on 30 March and drifted E. According to a news article, local residents observed rockfalls and reported ashfall. A scientist from the Geological, Mining, and Metallurgic Institute (INGEMMET) reported that the eruption was the largest in a two-week period characterized by an increased rate of explosions. A diffuse ash plume was visible on satellite imagery on 3 April drifting NE.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Living in Peru

14 March-20 March 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash cloud from Ubinas rose to 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. on 14 March and drifted SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

7 March-13 March 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 11 March. Ash plumes rose to 5.5-6.1 km (18,000-20,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

21 February-27 February 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 21 February. Ash plumes rose to 5.5-6.7 km (18,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

14 February-20 February 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas during 18-20 February. Ash plumes rose to 5.5-7 km (18,000-23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

31 January-6 February 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 2 and 5 February. Ash plumes rose to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW and S, respectively.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

24 January-30 January 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 28 January. Ash plumes rose to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

17 January-23 January 2007 Cite this Report

Based on satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 18 January. The resultant plumes drifted SW.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 December-2 January 2007 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 27 and 30 December. Ash plumes rose to 4.9-8.5 km (16,000-28,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

29 November-5 December 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 2 December. Ash plumes rose to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

22 November-28 November 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 25 November. Ash plumes rose to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

15 November-21 November 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas during 15-16 November. The plumes rose to 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW and SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

8 November-14 November 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas during 9-11 and 13 November. Ash plumes rose to 5.5-7.3 km (18,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SW, NW, and NE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

1 November-7 November 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 3, 5, and 7 November. Ash plumes rose to 6.1-7.9 km (20,000-26,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW, N, and S, respectively.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

25 October-31 October 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 25, 27-28, and 30-31 October. The plumes rose to 5.5-8.5 km (18,000-28,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NW, SW, and W.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

18 October-24 October 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions from Ubinas on 17, 19, 21, and 23-24 October. The plumes rose to 5.5-6.4 km (18,000-21,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE, SW, E, and N.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

11 October-17 October 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emission of ash plumes from Ubinas during 12-17 October. The plumes rose to 4.9-6.7 km (16,000-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S, SE, E, and N.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

4 October-10 October 2006 Cite this Report

Based on satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC issued an aviation ash advisory for Ubinas on 5 October. The continuous ash emissions reached altitudes of 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

27 September-3 October 2006 Cite this Report

Aviation ash advisories for Ubinas, based on pilot reports, were issued by the Buenos Aires VAAC on 27, 28, and 30 September, and 1 October. The reports indicated continuous ash emissions.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

20 September-26 September 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC issued aviation ash advisories for Ubinas on 24 and 25 September. The continuous ash emissions were rising as high as 9 km (30,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting SSE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

13 September-19 September 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emission of ash plumes from Ubinas on 13 September. The plumes rose to altitudes of 4.9 km (16,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

6 September-12 September 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emission of ash plumes from Ubinas during 5, 9, and 11 September. The plumes rose to altitudes of ~4.9-5.5 km (~16,000-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE and E.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

30 August-5 September 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions of ash plumes from Ubinas during 30 August-1 September and on 4 September. The plumes reached altitudes of ~4.9-5.5 km (~16,000-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, E, and SE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

23 August-29 August 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions of ash plumes from Ubinas during 23-29 August. The plumes reached altitudes of 4.9-7.6 km (16,000-25,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, SE, and S.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

16 August-22 August 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports and satellite imagery, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported continuous emissions of ash plumes from Ubinas during 17-21 August. The plumes reached altitudes of ~5.5-7.9 km (~18,000-26,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE, SE, and S.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

9 August-15 August 2006 Cite this Report

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, during 8-13 August pilots reported that ash plumes emitted from Ubinas reached altitudes of between 4.9 and 5.5 km (16,000 ft-18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted generally N, E, and S. Ash was also visible on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

2 August-8 August 2006 Cite this Report

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, during 1-8 August pilots reported that ash plumes emitted from Ubinas reached altitudes of between 4.6 km to 6.7 km (15,000 ft-22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted generally NE and SW. Ash was visible on satellite imagery on 4 and 6 August.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 July-25 July 2006 Cite this Report

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, a pilot reported that ash plumes from Ubinas during 22-24 July reached altitudes of 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SE. Ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 July-18 July 2006 Cite this Report

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, ash clouds from Ubinas were visible on satellite imagery during 14-15 July and reached altitudes of 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. On 17 July, a pilot reported ash clouds that also reached altitudes of 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NE.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

5 July-11 July 2006 Cite this Report

According to the Buenos Aires VAAC, a pilot reported that ash plumes from Ubinas on 8 and 9 July reached altitudes of 5.5 km (18,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW. Ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery during 8-10 July.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

28 June-4 July 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, ash clouds identified from Ubinas on 28 June reached altitudes of 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

7 June-13 June 2006 Cite this Report

Based on pilot reports, ash clouds identified from Ubinas during 9-11 June reached altitudes of 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E and SW. According to news articles, approximately 550 families were evacuated on 10 and 11 June.

Sources: Living in Peru; Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

31 May-6 June 2006 Cite this Report

On 3 June, the Alert Level for Ubinas was increased to Orange due to heightened explosive activity. During 31 May to 5 June, ash plumes reached altitudes of 7.9 km (26,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted N, NE, SE, and S. According to a news report, on 5 June, officials in S Perú prepared to evacuate approximately 480 families.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Dominican Today

24 May-30 May 2006 Cite this Report

According to a pilot report, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that an ash plume from Ubinas on 24 May reached an altitude of 6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E. On 25 May, an ash plume reached an altitude of 7 km (23,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted NW. On 30 May, an ash plume visible on satellite imagery reached an altitude of 7.9 km (26,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted E.

Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

17 May-23 May 2006 Cite this Report

Based on information from significant meteorological advisories (SIGMET) and pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash emitted from Ubinas during 20-23 May rose to a maximum height of 7.3 km (24,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

10 May-16 May 2006 Cite this Report

Based on information from significant meteorological advisories (SIGMET) and pilot reports, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash emitted from Ubinas during 9-11 and 13-14 May rose to a maximum height of 7.3 km (24,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

3 May-9 May 2006 Cite this Report

Based on information from significant meteorological advisories (SIGMET), the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash emitted from Ubinas during 4-8 May rose to a maximum height of ~6.7 km (22,000 ft) a.s.l.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

26 April-2 May 2006 Cite this Report

According to INGEMMET, on 22 April at 0715 an explosion began at Ubinas that produced an ash-and-gas plume that reached a height between 1 and 3 km above the volcano (or 21,900 and 28,450 ft a.s.l.). This was the highest rising plume since activity began in late March. Continuous emissions occurred until 1600. Ash and gas emitted during 20-22 April traveled as far as 60 km from the volcano mainly NW, W, and SW, and traces of ash reached the Arequipa airport. During 25 and 26 April, the volume of ash emitted from the volcano decreased significantly. Gas plumes rose between 200 and 700 m above the volcano's caldera (or 19,300 and 20,900 ft a.s.l.). The Alert Level was reduced from Orange to Yellow. Seismicity during 22-26 April was higher than normal. The Buenos Aires VAAC posted volcanic ash advisories during the report period.

Sources: Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 April-25 April 2006 Cite this Report

INGEMMET reported that gas and ash was emitted from Ubinas from 27 March to at least 19 April. On 13 April, ash emissions increased noticeably in comparison to the previous days, with ashfall in the villages of Ubinas, Querapi, and Sacuaya, and as far as 7 km from the volcano. Acid rain was also noted in these villages, particularly between 1400 and 1600 on 14 April. Explosions on 13 and 14 April were heard in nearby villages. At this time, the Alert Level at the volcano was Yellow. On the 19th, a lava dome was observed on the crater floor for the first time. It was incandescent, 60 m in diameter, and 4 m high. Explosions were heard as far as 6 km from the volcano and a plume composed of ash and lava fragments rose ~ 3 km above the volcano (or 28,450 ft a.s.l.). Plumes lasted for 6-7 hours and hazard statements suggested significant danger within 4 km of the crater. The Alert Level was raised to Orange. The Buenos Aires VAAC released volcanic ash advisory statements during the report period.

According to news reports, as of 19 April at least 1,000 people living N of the volcano suffered respiratory problems, dozens of livestock died and many more were ill after eating ash-covered grass, and water sources were polluted with ash. Dozens of people from Querapi, the town closest to the volcano, began to evacuate on 21 April. On 22 April, officials declared a state of emergency for the area near the volcano and sent aid for evacuees.

Sources: Associated Press; Agence France-Presse (AFP); Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET); Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Reuters

12 April-18 April 2006 Cite this Report

A significant meteorological forecast (SIGMET) was issued on 15 April for an ash cloud from Ubinas at a height of 6.1-7.3 km (20,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l., and later that day for a cloud at 6.1-9.1 km (20,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. The Aviation Color Code was Red until 16 April when the Buenos Aires VAAC received a report that activity had ceased. According to a news report on 18 April, however, officials urged residents the town of Querapi ~5 km from the volcano to evacuate.

Sources: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC); Reuters

5 April-11 April 2006 Cite this Report

Based on information from the Perúvian Volcanologic Observatory, the Buenos Aires VAAC reported that ash emitted from Ubinas reached 6.1-9.1 km (20,000-30,000 ft) a.s.l. on 6 April around 1220. No ash was visible on satellite imagery. The Aviation Color Code for the volcano was at Red, the highest level. At 1900 on the 6th a plume was observed at 6.1-7.3 km (20,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifting NE. The Aviation Color Code was subsequently reduced to Orange. On 8 April the VAAC received a report that volcanic activity had ceased, so the Aviation Color Code was reduced to Green, the lowest level. On the 9th, a significant meteorological forecast (SIGMET) was issued for an ash cloud at a height of 6.1-7.3 km (20,000-24,000 ft) a.s.l. that was drifting SW. The Aviation Color Code was increased to Red until 11 April. On the 11th volcanic activity reportedly ceased, so the code was again decreased to Green.

Source: Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

29 March-4 April 2006 Cite this Report

Increased fumarolic activity occurred at Ubinas during the end of March. A Universidad de San Agustin scientist who visited the volcano on 31 March found strong steam-and-ash emissions occurring. Also, leaves of nearby crops were burned and a sound similar to a jet engine emanated from the vent area.

Sources: US Geological Survey Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP); Victor Aguilar, Universidad de San Agustin, Perú

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This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Uvillas | Uvinas

Basic Data Volcano Number Last Known Eruption Elevation Latitude Longitude 354020 2024 CE 5,608 m / 18,399 ft 16.345°S 70.8972°W Morphology Volcano Landform Composite Volcano Types Stratovolcano Caldera(s) Lava dome(s) Pyroclastic cone Rock Types Major Andesite / Basaltic Andesite Trachyandesite / Basaltic Trachyandesite Dacite Rhyolite Tectonic Setting Subduction zone Continental crust (> 25 km) Population Within 5 km Within 10 km Within 30 km Within 100 km 180 1,195 14,607 1,136,785

Geological Summary The truncated appearance of Ubinas, Perú's most active volcano, is a result of a 1.4-km-wide crater at the summit. It is the northernmost of three young volcanoes located along a regional structural lineament about 50 km behind the main volcanic front. The growth and destruction of Ubinas I was followed by construction of Ubinas II beginning in the mid-Pleistocene. The upper slopes of the andesitic-to-rhyolitic Ubinas II stratovolcano are composed primarily of andesitic and trachyandesitic lava flows and steepen to nearly 45°. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep summit crater contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200 m deep. Debris-avalanche deposits from the collapse of the SE flank about 3,700 years ago extend 10 km from the volcano. Widespread Plinian pumice-fall deposits include one from about 1,000 years ago. Holocene lava flows are visible on the flanks, but activity documented since the 16th century has consisted of intermittent minor-to-moderate explosive eruptions. References The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Bullard F M, 1962. Volcanoes of Southern Peru. Bull Volcanol, 24: 443-453. de Silva S L, Francis P W, 1990. Potentially active volcanoes of Peru - observations using Landsat Thematic Mapper and Space Shuttle imagery. Bull Volcanol, 52: 286-301. de Silva S L, Francis P W, 1991. Volcanoes of the Central Andes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 216 p. Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p. Hantke G, Parodi I, 1966. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 19: 1-73. Lavallee Y, de Silva S L, Salas G, Byrnes J M, 2009. Structural control on volcanism at the Ubinas, Huaynaputina, and Ticscani Volcanic Group (UHTVG), southern Peru. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 186: 253-264. Thouret J-C, Rivera M, Worner G, Gerbe M-C, Finizola A, Fornari M, Gonzales K, 2005. Ubinas: the evolution of the historically most active volcano in southern Peru. Bull Volcanol, 67: 557-589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-004-0396-0

Eruptive History

There is data available for 25 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Ubinas.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Ubinas.

Photo Gallery

Volcán Ubinas, seen here from the west, is Perú's most active volcano. A small, 1.2-km-wide caldera that cuts the top of Ubinas gives it a truncated appearance. The upper slopes of the stratovolcano steepen to nearly 45 degrees. The steep-walled, 150-m-deep caldera contains an ash cone with a 500-m-wide funnel-shaped vent that is 200-m deep. Holocene lava flows are visible on the volcano's flanks, but historical activity, documented since the 16th century, has consisted of intermittent minor explosive eruptions.

Photo by Norm Banks, 1988 (U.S. Geological Survey).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Ubinas in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser	The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.
MIROVA	Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.
MODVOLC Thermal Alerts	Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.
WOVOdat    Single Volcano View    Temporal Evolution of Unrest    Side by Side Volcanoes	WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore. GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.
Volcanic Hazard Maps	The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.
IRIS seismic stations/networks	Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Ubinas. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.
UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations	Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Ubinas. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.
DECADE Data	The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.
Large Eruptions of Ubinas	Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).
EarthChem	EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).