Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Tutupaca.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Tutupaca.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Tutupaca.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Eastern Tutupaca

Stratovolcano

5753 m

17° 1' 58" S

70° 21' 28" W

Western Tutupaca

Stratovolcano

5801 m

17° 1' 32" S

70° 22' 18" W

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

354040

1802 CE

5,801 m / 19,032 ft

17.026°S
70.372°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano(es)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Rhyolite
Trachyte / Trachydacite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

18
1,125
21,124
213,931

Geological Summary

Tutupaca consists of two dissected volcanic edifices, of which the southern appears more youthful. Collapse of the northern edifice produced a debris avalanche that traveled 7 km N. Postglacial lava flows are present, the largest of which originated from the saddle between the two edifices. Solfataric activity was noted in the Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World. Based on morphological evidence, de Silva and Francis (1990) suggested that reported historical eruptions in the 18th and 19th centuries (listed in the Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World) more likely originated from the more youthful-looking Yucamane volcano. Work by Samaniego et al. (2015) showed that activity in 1787-89 and 1802 CE originated at Tutupaca, and they considered the 1780, 1862, and 1902 reports to be valid as well.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Bullard F M, 1962. Volcanoes of Southern Peru. Bull Volcanol, 24: 443-453.

de Silva S L, Francis P W, 1990. Potentially active volcanoes of Peru - observations using Landsat Thematic Mapper and Space Shuttle imagery. Bull Volcanol, 52: 286-301.

de Silva S L, Francis P W, 1991. Volcanoes of the Central Andes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 216 p.

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p.

Hantke G, Parodi I, 1966. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 19: 1-73.

IAVCEI, 1973-80. Post-Miocene Volcanoes of the World. IAVCEI Data Sheets, Rome: Internatl Assoc Volc Chemistry Earth's Interior.

Samaniego P, 2015. Email with additional thoughts about Tutupaca and Yucamane eruptions.. pers comm.

Samaniego P, Valderrama P, Mariño J, van Wyk de Vries B, Roche O, Manrique N, Chédeville C, Liorzou C, Fidel L, Malnati J, 2015. The historical (218±14 aBP) explosive eruption of Tutupaca volcano (Southern Peru). Bull Volcanol, 77: 51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-015-0937-8

Eruptive History

There is data available for 2 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 1902 Jun - 1902 Nov ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Volcano Uncertain: reported from Tutupaca

1902 Jun - 1902 Nov

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Volcano Uncertain: reported from Tutupaca

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1902 Jun	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1862 Apr - 1862 May ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Volcano Uncertain: reported from Tutupaca

1862 Apr - 1862 May

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Volcano Uncertain: reported from Tutupaca

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1862 Apr	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1802 Mar 20 - 1802 Aug 20 ± 10 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 4 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

1802 Mar 20 - 1802 Aug 20 ± 10 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
1802 Mar 30	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1787 - 1789 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1787 - 1789

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 1 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1780 - 1780 ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Volcano Uncertain: reported from Tutupaca

1780 - 1780

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 2 Events for Episode 1 at Volcano Uncertain: reported from Tutupaca

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	1780	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Tutupaca.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Tutupaca.

Photo Gallery

Tutupaca consists of two eroded edifices that are seen in the center of this July 2020 Planet Labs satellite image monthly mosaic (N is at the top; the image is approximately 10 km across). The complex contains lava domes and a number of these have undergone collapse. The eastern edifice has a horseshoe-shaped collapse scarp that opens towards the NE.

Satellite image courtesy of Planet Labs Inc., 2020 (https://www.planet.com/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Tutupaca in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Tutupaca. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Tutupaca. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Tutupaca

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).