Global Volcanism Program

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Michinmahuida.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Michinmahuida.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Michinmahuida.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Pelado, Cerro

Cone

1960 m

42° 47' 25" S

72° 24' 1" W

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

358040

1835 CE

2,452 m / 8,045 ft

42.799°S
72.445°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano
Caldera
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Andesite / Basaltic Andesite
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Rhyolite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zone
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
9
7,989
64,498

Geological Summary

The glacier-covered basaltic-to-andesitic Volcán Michinmahuida, located west of Lago Reñihue, has a saddle-shaped summit with an elongated 3-km-wide caldera. The massive edifice is elongated in a NE-SW direction, and a youthful eruptive center is located on the ENE side of the complex. A major explosive eruption at the beginning of the Holocene produced the Amarillo Ignimbrite that may have created the now ice-filled summit caldera, and Holocene tephra deposits from summit and flank vents have been identified. An eruption was reported in 1742, and Charles Darwin observed activity in 1834. The latest known eruption, February-March 1835, produced a lava flow from a flank crater and lahars that reached the coast at Punta Chana.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Amigo A, Lara L E, Smith V C, 2013. Holocene record of large explosive eruptions from Chaiten and Michinmahuida volcanoes, Chile. Andean Geol, 40: 227-248. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a03

Casertano L, 1963. Chilean Continent. Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields, Rome: IAVCEI, 15: 1-55.

Daga R, Guevara S R, Arribere M, 2016. New records of late Holocene tephras from Lake Futalaufquen (42.8°S), northern Patagonia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 66, 232-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2015.12.003

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1972. Distribucion del volcanismo activo de Chile y la reciente erupcion del Volcan Villarrica. Instituto Geog Militar Chile, O/T 3491.

Gonzalez-Ferran O, 1995. Volcanes de Chile. Santiago: Instituto Geografico Militar, 635 p.

Moreno H, 1985. (pers. comm.).

Naranjo J A, Stern C R, 2004. Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42° 30' - 45° S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. Rev Geol Chile, 31: 225-240.

Watt S F L, Pyle D M, Mather T A, 2013. Evidence of mid- to late-Holocene explosive rhyolitic eruptions from Chaiten volcano, Chile. Andean Geol, 40: 216-226. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV40n2-a02

Eruptive History

There is data available for 7 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 1915 ± 25 years ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1915 ± 25 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria
- - - -	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1835 Feb 20 - 1835 Mar 15 ± 5 days Confirmed Eruption VEI: 0 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

1835 Feb 20 - 1835 Mar 15 ± 5 days

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 4 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow
- - - -	- - - -	Earthquakes (undefined)	Before.
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
1835 Feb 20	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1834 Nov 25 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1834 Nov 25 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 5 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lava flow	Uncertain
- - - -	- - - -	Tephra
- - - -	- - - -	Lahar or Mudflow
1834 Nov 25	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1775 ± 40 years ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

1775 ± 40 years - Unknown

Evidence from Correlation: Tephrochronology

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria
- - - -	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

1742 Confirmed Eruption VEI: 2

Episode 1 | Eruption

1742 - Unknown

Evidence from Observations: Reported

List of 1 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	1742	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

[ 1650 ± 50 years ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 \| Eruption
1650 ± 50 years - Unknown				Evidence from Unknown

1550 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 4 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

1550 ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 3 Events for Episode 1

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Lapilli
1550 ± 100 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 4?

0700 ± 100 years Confirmed Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

0700 ± 100 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 2 Events for Episode 1

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
	- - - -	- - - -	Scoria

5500 BCE ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 5

Episode 1 | Eruption

Mic1 tephra

5500 BCE ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 6 Events for Episode 1 at Mic1 tephra

Start Date	End Date	Event Type
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Lapilli
- - - -	- - - -	Scoria
- - - -	- - - -	Pumice
5500 BCE ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

8400 BCE ± 150 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 6

Episode 1 | Eruption

Amarillo Ignimbrite

8400 BCE ± 150 years - Unknown

Evidence from Isotopic: 14C (calibrated)

List of 7 Events for Episode 1 at Amarillo Ignimbrite

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Pyroclastic flow
- - - -	- - - -	Ash
- - - -	- - - -	Lapilli
- - - -	- - - -	Bombs
- - - -	- - - -	Caldera	Amarillo Ignimbrite may be associated with summit caldera formation
8400 BCE ± 150 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Michinmahuida.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Michinmahuida.

Photo Gallery

Glacier-covered Volcán Minchinmávida is elongated along a NE-SW direction. The volcano has a mostly obscured 3-km-wide caldera, and a youthful eruptive center is located on the ENE side of the complex. An eruption from Minchinmávida was reported in 1742. Darwin observed the volcano in activity in 1834 on his renowned voyage that took him to the Galápagos Islands.

NASA International Space Station image ISS006-E-42260, 2003 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Michinmahuida in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Michinmahuida. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Michinmahuida. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Michinmahuida

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).