Global Volcanism Program | Hudson Mountains

The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports available for Hudson Mountains.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Hudson Mountains.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Hudson Mountains.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Evans Knoll

Cone

74° 50' 0" S

100° 20' 0" W

Hodgson Nunatak

Cone

74° 17' 0" S

100° 4' 0" W

Inman Nunatak

Cone

74° 48' 0" S

98° 54' 0" W

Kenfield Nunatak

Cone

73° 45' 0" S

99° 3' 0" W

Maish Nunatak

Cone

232 m

74° 35' 0" S

99° 32' 0" W

Manthe, Mount

Stratovolcano

567 m

74° 47' 0" S

99° 21' 0" W

Meyers Nunatak

Cone

74° 53' 0" S

98° 44' 0" W

Moses, Mount

Stratovolcano

749 m

74° 33' 0" S

99° 8' 0" W

Nickens, Mount

Cone

73° 55' 0" S

100° 20' 0" W

Pryor Cliff

Cone

73° 52' 0" S

100° 0' 0" W

Shepherd Dome

Cone

74° 51' 0" S

99° 30' 0" W

Siren Rock

Cone

74° 32' 0" S

98° 26' 0" W

Slusher Nunatak

Cone

536 m

74° 27' 0" S

99° 12' 0" W

Teeters Nunatak

Stratovolcano

617 m

74° 12' 0" S

100° 0' 0" W

Tighe Rock

Cone

212 m

74° 26' 0" S

100° 4' 0" W

Velie Nunatak

Cone

574 m

74° 23' 0" S

99° 16' 0" W

Webber Nunatak

Cone

495 m

74° 46' 0" S

99° 48' 0" W

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

Latitude
Longitude

390028

207 BCE

749 m / 2,457 ft

74.33°S
99.42°W

Morphology

Volcano Landform
Composite

Volcano Types
Stratovolcano(es)
Subglacial
Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

Major
Basalt / Picro-Basalt
Trachybasalt / Tephrite Basanite

Tectonic Setting

Intraplate
Continental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 km
Within 10 km
Within 30 km
Within 100 km

0
0
0
0

Geological Summary

The Hudson Mountains, located along the Walgreen Coast in Antarctica's western Ellsworth Land, contain many only slightly eroded cones forming nunataks protruding above the Antarctic icecap. The cinder cones apparently rest on three extensively eroded Miocene stratovolcanoes, Teeters Nunatak, Mount Moses, and Mount Manthe. Subaerial basaltic lava flows dominate, but subglacial or subaqueous tuffs and lava flows are also present. A tephra layer from an eruption of a subglacial volcano in the Hudson Mountains was dated from ice thickness at about 200 BCE. The possible presence of steam was reported at one of the Hudson volcanoes during 1974. Satellite data suggested that an eruption of Webber Nunatak took place during 1985, although this has not been confirmed (LeMasurier and Thomson, 1990).

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Corr H F J, Vaughan D G, 2008. A recent volcanic eruption beneath the West Antarctica ice sheet. Nature Geosci, 1: 122-125. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo106

Craddock C, Bastien T W, Rutford R H, 1964. Geology of the Jones Mountains area. In: Adie R J (ed) Antarctic Geol, Proc 1st Internatl Symp Antarctic Geol, Amsterdam: Elsevier, p 172-187.

Dort W, 1972. Late Cenozoic volcanism in Antarctica. In: Adie R J (ed) Antarctic Geol and Geophys, IUGS Ser-B(1): 645-652.

LeMasurier W E, 1972. Volcanic record of Cenozoic glacial history Marie Byrd Land. In: Adie R J (ed) Antarctic Geol and Geophys, IUGS Ser-B(1): 251-260.

LeMasurier W E, Thomson J W (eds), 1990. Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. Washington, D C: Amer Geophys Union, 487 p.

Eruptive History

There is data available for 1 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods.

[ 1985 Jul 2 ± 182 days ] Uncertain Eruption

Episode 1 | Eruption

Webber Nunatak

1985 Jul 2 ± 182 days - Unknown

Evidence from Unknown

Kyle reported that satellite data suggests an eruption of Webber Nunatak in 1985. No ground observations were made. Prior to the event Webber Nunatak displayed a fresh crater rim (LeMasurier and Thomson, 1990).

List of 1 Events for Episode 1 at Webber Nunatak

	Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
	- - - -	- - - -	Explosion	Uncertain

0207 BCE ± 240 years Confirmed Eruption VEI: 4 (?)

Episode 1 | Eruption

Hudson Mountains Subglacial Volcano

0207 BCE ± 240 years - Unknown

Evidence from Sidereal: Ice Core

Geophysical and ice thickness evidence was interpreted to represent a subglacial tephra layer originating from a subglacial topographic high near the Pine Island glacier (referred to as the Hudson Mountains subglacial volcano) that was deposited about 207 BCE ± 240 years (corr and Vaughn, 2008). Ice-core tephras dated at 315 and 325 BCE are within error ranges. The deposit, covering about 23,000 km² with an estimated volume of 0.019-0.31 km³, is thickest near its inferred source at a glacier depth of about 100 m and thins towards its margins.

List of 3 Events for Episode 1 at Hudson Mountains Subglacial Volcano

Start Date	End Date	Event Type	Event Remarks
- - - -	- - - -	Explosion
- - - -	- - - -	Tephra
0207 BCE ± 240 years	- - - -	VEI (Explosivity Index)	VEI 4 (?)

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Hudson Mountains.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Hudson Mountains.

Photo Gallery

Hudson Mountains volcanic field comprises about 20 volcanic nunataks. These are peaks protruding from ice, and here represent the surface expression of multiple volcanic vents. At least four nunataks can be seen faintly in this image, looking across the southern Hudson Mountains from the west. The exposed ridge in the left foreground is Webber Nunatak. The uppermost, largely ice-covered nunatak seen here is Mount Manthe, one of the largest peaks in this volcanic field and dated to about 5 million years ago. A tephra layer from this field was erupted about 2,000 years ago.

U. S. Navy photo TMA 2035 F31 203.

GVP Map Holdings

Maps are not currently available due to technical issues.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

There are no samples for Hudson Mountains in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences Rock and Ore collection.

External Sites

Copernicus Browser

The Copernicus Browser replaced the Sentinel Hub Playground browser in 2023, to provide access to Earth observation archives from the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, the main distribution platform for data from the EU Copernicus missions.

MIROVA

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

MODVOLC Thermal Alerts

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

WOVOdat
   Single Volcano View
   Temporal Evolution of Unrest
   Side by Side Volcanoes

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

GVMID Data on Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure The Global Volcano Monitoring Infrastructure Database GVMID, is aimed at documenting and improving capabilities of volcano monitoring from the ground and space. GVMID should provide a snapshot and baseline view of the techniques and instrumentation that are in place at various volcanoes, which can be use by volcano observatories as reference to setup new monitoring system or improving networks at a specific volcano. These data will allow identification of what monitoring gaps exist, which can be then targeted by remote sensing infrastructure and future instrument deployments.

Volcanic Hazard Maps

The IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Hazards and Risk has a Volcanic Hazard Maps database designed to serve as a resource for hazard mappers (or other interested parties) to explore how common issues in hazard map development have been addressed at different volcanoes, in different countries, for different hazards, and for different intended audiences. In addition to the comprehensive, searchable Volcanic Hazard Maps Database, this website contains information about diversity of volcanic hazard maps, illustrated using examples from the database. This site is for educational purposes related to volcanic hazard maps. Hazard maps found on this website should not be used for emergency purposes. For the most recent, official hazard map for a particular volcano, please seek out the proper institutional authorities on the matter.

IRIS seismic stations/networks

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Hudson Mountains. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

UNAVCO GPS/GNSS stations

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Hudson Mountains. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

DECADE Data

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO₂ to the atmosphere, but installing CO₂ monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

Large Eruptions of Hudson Mountains

Information about large Quaternary eruptions (VEI >= 4) is cataloged in the Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LaMEVE) database of the Volcano Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project (VOGRIPA).

EarthChem

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).